青少年移情发展特点及其与攻击行为的关系  

Development characteristics of empathy and its relationship with aggression in adolescents

作　　者：李小芳[1] 卞晨阳 陈艳琳[1] 黄娟[1] 马玉巧 余毅震[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系,武汉430030

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2015年第9期708-713,共6页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30972496)

摘　　要：目的:探讨青少年移情发展特点及其与攻击行为的关系。方法:采用多阶分层整群抽样方法在我国5个地区共抽取15 738名中学生进行调查,使用Buss-Warren攻击问卷中文版(BWAQ-RC)和人际反应指针量表(IRI-C)对中学生的攻击行为和移情进行评估。结果:女生的移情水平高于男生(P<0.01)。共情关注得分存在性别和年龄的交互作用(P<0.01)。观点采择对间接攻击、躯体攻击、敌意和愤怒有负向预测作用(P<0.001);共情关注对间接攻击、言语攻击、敌意和愤怒具有正向预测作用(P<0.001)。采用K-M eans聚类分析,将移情得分划分为无卷入组、高认知移情组、高情感移情组、高认知/情感移情组。其中,无卷入组的躯体攻击得分最高,高认知/移情组躯体攻击得分最低而言语攻击得分最高,高情感移情组的间接攻击、愤怒、敌意和攻击总分最高(P<0.05)。结论:移情两种成分的不平衡发展可能与青少年选择不同的攻击形式有关。Objective： To explore the development characteristics of empathy in adolescents and the relations with aggression. Methods： With multistage stratified random sampling method, 15 738 middle school students were selected from 5 provinces across China The Buss-Warren Aggression Questionnaire Revised in China （BWAQ-RC） and Interactional Reactivity Index （IRI-C） was used to measure adolescents＇ aggression and empathy. Results： Girls had higher level of empathy than boys （P 〈0. 001）. Age and gender were interacted in predicting empathetic concem （P 〈 0. 001）. Perspective taking was significant negative predictor of indirect aggression, physical aggression, hostile and angry （P 〈 0. 001）, while empathetic concern was significant positive predictor of indirect aggression, verbal aggression, hostile and angry （P 〈0. 001）. Empathy was divided into 4 class used the K-Means clustering analysis, namely, low empathy class, high perspective taking class, high empathetic concern class, high perspective taking and empathetic concern class. In contrast to other classes, individuals in low empathy class were more likely to involve in physical aggression （P 〈 0. 05）, and individuals in high level of perspective taking and empathetic concem class were related with less physical aggression and elevated verbal aggression （P 〈 0. 05）. Individuals in high empathetic concern class exhibited more indirect aggression, hostile and anger than other subgroups （P 〈0. 05）. Conclusion： The unbalance development of the two components of empathy may be closely correlated with different conduction of aggressive behaviors.

关 键 词：攻击行为 移情 观点采择 共情关注 青少年 横断面研究 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学] B842.6[哲学宗教—心理学]