中国荷斯坦牛乳中非脂乳固体及其组分的变化规律  

The Variability of Solid Non-fat and Its Component of Milk of Holstein in Large Dairy Farm in China

作　　者：张慧敏[1] 朱小瑞[1] 邢世宇 王文强[1] 杨章平[1] 刘洵 岑宁[1] 毛永江[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]徐州万荷奶业专业合作社,江苏徐州221113

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2015年第10期33-38,共6页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：江苏省苏北专项(BN2013038);徐州市科技计划(XF13C019);江苏省农业三新工程项目(SXGC[2015]328);江苏省优势学科项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：为探索荷斯坦牛乳中非脂乳固体(SNF)及其主要组分(乳糖及乳蛋白)的变化规律,利用最小二乘法对江苏某大型奶牛场5008头中国荷斯坦奶牛2010年1月到2013年12月131 132条DHI测定日记录中SNF、乳糖及乳蛋白含量进行了分析。结果表明:该奶牛场的SNF、乳糖及乳蛋白的含量分别为(9.45±0.67)%、(4.94±0.26)%和(3.33±0.38)%。不同年度、测试季节、产犊季节、泌乳月和胎次对SNF、乳糖及乳蛋白含量的影响均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。其中2012年SNF含量显著高于其余几个年度,而乳糖和乳蛋白含量则在2011年时最高;SNF和乳糖含量均在冬季测定时最高,在春、夏两季最低,但乳蛋白含量在春季测定时最高,秋季时最低;夏季产犊的奶牛乳中SNF及乳蛋白含量显著高于其余三个季节,春季产犊时最低,而乳糖含量则在秋季产犊时最高,春季时最低;在整个泌乳期内,SNF及乳蛋白总体变化趋势相似,均在第2个泌乳月达到最低值,随后逐渐回升,直至泌乳末期达到最高值,而乳糖含量则在第3个泌乳月达到最高值,随后逐渐下降,在第13个泌乳月时达到最低值;不同胎次间SNF、乳糖及乳蛋白含量差异显著,SNF和乳蛋白含量均在第二胎时最高,在第一、三胎时最低,而乳糖含量则在第一胎时最高,第三胎时最低。相关性分析表明:SNF与乳糖、乳蛋白呈显著正相关,而乳糖与乳蛋白呈显著负相关。结果提示,可通过对影响乳成分的因素进行调控,进而提高牛奶质量,满足人类对奶产品不断变化的需求。In order to investigate the variability of solid non-fat （SNF） and its component （lactose and milk protein） of Holstein in China, the data included 131 and 132 DHI test day records for 5008 Chinese Holstein from one dairy farm of Jiangsu province since January, 2010 to December, 2013 was analyzed by the method of least mean squares. The results showed that the content of SNF, lactose and milk protein of this dairy farm were （9.45±0.67）0/00, （4.94±0.26）0/00 and （3.33±0.38）%. Different years, seasons, calving seasons, lactating months and parities respectively affected the content of SNF, lactose and milk protein extremely significantly （P〈0. 01）. SNF in 2012 was significantly higher than other years, while lactose and milk protein in 2011 were significantly higher than other years. Both SNF and lactose in winter were significantly higher than other seasons, and their minimum content were observed in spring and summer respectively. The maximum and minimum content of milk protein were observed in spring and autumn respectively. Both SNF and milk protein in summer calving were significantly higher than other seasons, while that in spring calving were the lowest. However, lactose in autumn calving reached the highest, and in spring calving the lowest. SNF and milk protein showed similar variability in different lactating months, they dropped to the lowest point in the 2nd month of lactation, and then rose to the highest in the end of lactation. Lactose peaked at the 3rd month of lactation, and then declined to the lowest in the 13th month of lactation. Besides that, SNF, lactose and milk protein had significant difference among parities. SNF and milk protein were the highest in the second parity, and the lowest in the first and third parity respectively. Lactose was the highest in the first parity, followed by a decrease to the third parity. The SNF showed significant positive correlation with lactose and milk protein, while lactose showed significant neg ative correlation with milk protei

关 键 词：非脂乳固体 乳糖 乳蛋白 变化规律 

分 类 号：S811.6[农业科学—畜牧学]