美国学校效能增值模型研究的进展与趋势  

On the Progress and Tendency of Value-added Models Research in America

作　　者：张亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学公共管理学院,济南250000

出　　处：《教育研究》2015年第11期135-144,共10页Educational Research

摘　　要：测量学生学习所得、分数增长或连年接受教育知识增长的方法称为"增值模型"。增值模型是学校绩效评价管理演进的必然选择,其发展经历了学校指标系统、报告卡策略、学校绩效问责制三个阶段。对增值模型研究视角的不同会对其类型作出不同界定,模型技术研究将增值模型分为多层线性模型、层级混合效果模型、简单混合效果模型,评价对象群体研究将增值模型分为连续群体模型、纵向群体模型。面对类型多样的增值模型,人们对模型方法的信度、效度等存有疑虑,因而增值模型的比较研究成为该领域的重点。增值模型被广泛运用于教育实践中,其中教师效能评价、学校效能评价、学校改进计划评价成为最活跃的领域。在增值模型研究的未来发展中,更能体现结果公正且更简单易懂的统计技术研究、"输入—过程—输出"指标的一致性评价模型研究、学生水平效能评价研究以及差异化增值目标策略研究将会成为研究的重点。The approach to evaluate students＇ learning obtainment, achievement growth or the year-to-year knowledge growth is called value-added model. The value-added model is an inevitable choice for schools to evaluate performance evaluation management, which has gone through three stages as school indicators system, reporting card strategy and the school accountability. Based on different research frameworks, the models could be divided into different types. According to the utilization of techniques, the models could be divided into the Hierarchical Linear Model, the Layered Mixed Effects Model, and the Simple Fixed Effects Model. According to the student cohorts, the models could be divided into the Successive Student Cohorts Model, the Longitudinal Student Cohorts Model. Due to so many types of models, scholars have been raising doubts to their credits and effects. Thus the comparative researches on value-added model have become the key issue. The value-added model has been widely applied to educational practice among which the teacher effectiveness assessment, the school effectiveness assessment and the school improvement projects assessment have been the most active areas. As for the future studies in this field, it is predicted that the more just and simplified studies on statistical techniques, models of consistent input-process-output indexes, the student-level effectiveness assessment, as well as the strategy research on setting up different value-added goals would be the focal points.

关 键 词：增值模型 学校绩效 效能评价 

分 类 号：G571.2[文化科学—教育学]