面向公交客车应用的插电式混合动力实时优化策略研究  

Research on City-bus Application-oriented Real-time Optimal Energy Management Strategy for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Bus

作　　者：杨超[1,2] 焦晓红[1] 李亮[2] 游思雄 颜丙杰 马兹林[2] 

机构地区：[1]燕山大学电气工程学院,秦皇岛066004 [2]清华大学汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2015年第22期111-119,共9页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(5127557);国家科技支撑计划(2013BAG14B01)资助项目

摘　　要：插电式混合动力汽车随着电功率比的逐渐提升实现了机电耦合系统的能量深度混合。然而在应对复杂瞬变的城市公交工况时,如何通过设计实时高效的能量管理策略实现插电式混合动力客车全工况能量消耗最优已成为学术界的研究热点。考虑城市公交工况路况信息对能量分配的影响以及同轴并联式系统构型的自身特点,提出等效坡道在线估计及相应的电池荷电状态(State of charge,SOC)轨线修正方法,在此基础上利用等效油耗最小策略(Equivalent consumption minimization strategy,ECMS)设计一种实时优化能量管理策略,将整条公交线路的能量需求进行合理分配,另外对发动机起停的约束条件保证了发动机的合理高效运行。仿真结果表明所提出的实时优化能量管理策略与实际中应用的规则策略相比,对整车燃油经济性的提升更为显著,且可以更好地匹配公交工况与动力系统构型。实车试验结果也验证了所提出方法的有效性。因此所提出方法为基于优化理论的实车控制策略应用提供了理论依据。With the gradual increase of the electric power ratio, the energy hybridization might be implemented in the electromechanical coupling system of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. But for the complicated and transient driving conditions of city bus, how to minimize the energy consumption within the driving cycle through designing the real-time energy management strategy for plug-in hybrid electric bus（PHEB） might be the research focus in the academia. Considering the characteristics of the driving condition of city bus and the single-shaft parallel hybrid powertrain, an equivalent grade estimation method and the relevant battery state of charge（SOC） correction approach are proposed, and then based on the above two approaches, the energy in one city bus route might be optimally distributed by the employed equivalent consumption minimization strategy（ECMS）. In addition, considering the frequently engine start-stop, the relevant rules are added into the ECMS to make the optimal solution more reasonable and improve the engine efficiency. Simulation results indicate that the proposed strategy might improve the fuel economy of PHEB and match the driving condition of city bus and the single-shaft parallel hybrid powertrain comparing with the rule-based strategy. So the proposed strategy might provide the theoretical basis for the application of optimal-based energy management strategy.

关 键 词：同轴并联插电式混合动力客车 坡道估计 能量管理策略 实时优化 

分 类 号：U469[机械工程—车辆工程]