“不确定原理”的一种新讲法——从一维无限深势阱中的粒子引入  

A new teaching method on uncertainty principle based on one-dimensional infinite potential well

作　　者：顾学文[1] 张立云[1] 梁裕民[1] 

机构地区：[1]军事交通学院基础部,天津300161

出　　处：《大学物理》2015年第12期6-8,19,共4页College Physics

摘　　要：海森伯不确定原理是大学物理的教学难点之一,其严格证明方法超出了大学物理课程的教学范围,所以目前国内多数大学物理教材采取的讲法,都是以电子单缝衍射为例引出动量-坐标不确定关系,然后对此关系进行讨论说明和推广.这种讲法比较形象直观,其难度与一般非物理专业本科教学颇相适合,但其缺点在于没有指明不确定度的确切含义,而且由于叙述过程中仍然暗含着轨道概念,从而容易使学习者产生困惑,不利于学生扬弃经典轨道概念、深化对建立波粒二象性的理解.本文对此略加分析,并提出从一维无限深方势阱内定态粒子的动量-坐标不确定度出发的新讲法,或能在不加大教学难度的前提下,使学生对不确定度的意义有比较确切的理解,并帮助其进一步理解不确定关系的实质.Heisenberg uncertainty principle is one of the difficult points in teaching on the college physics, because its derivation is difficult and goes beyond the content of college physics. The majority of teaching materials take single slit diffraction of a electron as an example and derives uncertainty principle in the coordinate and momentum. This teaching method is recipient and understandable. How ever it has also some disadvantages, which include inexactness in understanding uncertainty, helplessness for avoiding the classical concept on orbit, and so on. A new teaching method for this node is advised based on one-dimensional infinite potential well.

关 键 词：大学物理 不确定原理 一维无限深势阱 教学建议 

分 类 号：O413.1[理学—理论物理]