花椒籽油的提取和组分分析  

Extraction and Ingredient Analysis of Prickly Ash Seed Oil

作　　者：吴素玲[1] 张卫明[1] 孙晓明[1] 金敬红[1] 陈文华[1] 张锋伦[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京野生植物综合利用研究院,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2015年第6期5-8,共4页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目-香草兰等南方特产资源生态高值利用技术研究与产品开发(2012BAD36B03)

摘　　要：选用石油醚、无水乙醇、正己烷三种溶剂对花椒籽油进行索氏提取,结果青花椒籽油的得率分别为：5.34%、5.49%、4.80%;红花椒籽油的得率分别为：18.69%、24.41%、17.20%;红花椒籽油得率是青花椒籽油得率的3-4倍。花椒籽油经皂化后采用气相色谱-质谱联用法（GC-MS）分析不同溶剂提取的花椒籽油脂肪酸组分,并用峰面积归一化法测定各种组分相对含量。结果鉴定的主要组分为棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、油酸和亚油酸,这四种组分占95%以上;青花椒籽油中不饱和脂肪酸含量在83.43%以上;其中棕榈油酸占60%以上,油酸占20%左右,亚油酸占5%左右。红花椒籽油中不饱和脂肪酸含量在69%以下;其中棕榈油酸占12%余,油酸占40%左右,亚油酸占10%左右。而红花椒籽油中棕榈酸含量在30%左右,约是青花椒籽油中棕榈酸含量（11%左右）的3倍。This article is about the extract methods and the component analysis of prickly ash seed oil.Extracting the prickly ash seed using different solvent（ petroleum ether,absolute ethyl alcohol,normal hexane）,the yield of green prickly ash seed oil is 5. 34%,5. 49%,4. 80% respectively and the yield of red prickly ash seed oil is 18. 69%,24. 41%,17. 20% respectively. The yield of red prickly ash seed oil is triple or quadruple than the green one. Analysis the prickly ash seed oil saponificated using GC- MS,the chief constituents of the prickly ash seed oil extracted by different solvent are palmitic acid,palmitoleic acid,oleic acid and linoleic acid. The content of the four components is more than 95%. The unsaturated fatty acid content of the green prickly ash seed oil is more than 83. 43%,including palmitoleic acid（ more than 60%）,oleic acid（ about 20%） and linoleic acid（ about 5%）. The unsaturated fatty acid content of the red prickly ash seed oil is less than 69%,including palmitoleic acid（ about 12%）,oleic acid（ about 40%） and linoleic acid（ about 10%）. The palmitic acid content of the red prickly ash seed oil is about 30%,three times than the content of the red prickly ash seed oil（ about 11%）.

关 键 词：花椒籽油 皂化 脂肪酸 GC-MS 

分 类 号：TS225.19[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程] R284.1[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]