再论“辞”——“辞”的产生及“言外”观念之消亡  

A Further Discussion of“Speech”: The Coming into Being of“Speech”and the Diminishing of Its External Reference

作　　者：孟昭连[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院中文系

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2016年第1期27-51,共25页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

摘　　要：笔者曾通过对古代相关材料的分析,说明文言语气词的非口语性质。本文延续之前的论述,进而展开了两个论点:其一,汉字与汉语的关系决定了口语在转化为书面语时语气的缺失,"辞"正是为弥补这个缺失而产生的,所以非口语的"辞"进入古代书面语具有无可避免的必然性。其二,概述了许慎的"意内言外"观念在清代的变迁,以及20世纪上半叶"言外"观念渐趋消亡的过程。最后结论:"文言文是古人的口语"的所谓"传统"结论,是西方语言理论催生出来的一个未经证明的假命题,与真正的汉语发展史完全相悖。I used to claim, through an examination of ancient Chinese writings, that the tone words in classical Chinese writings are not verbal in nature. This paper will continue to develop this theory and put forward two new arguments. First, the relationship between Chinese characters and Chinese language determined that tone would be lost when Chinese verbal expressions were to be changed into written ones, and ＂speech＂ was inevitably created and introduced into ancient Chinese writings to supplement this loss. Second, this paper briefly introduces the evolution of Xu Shen＇ s concept of ＂internal meaning and external reference＂ in Qing Dynasty and the diminishing of external reference in the first half of the 20th century. The conclusion is the ＂traditional＂ theory that ＂classical Chinese writings are authentic records of ancient oral Chinese＂ is a false proposition that is generated by western linguistic theory, and is not consistent with the real development of Chinese language.

关 键 词：口语 语气 “辞” 假命题 

分 类 号：H139[语言文字—汉语]