Advances in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma  

作　　者：Tiffany Hennedige Sudhakar K Venkatesh 

机构地区：[1]Department of Oncologic Imaging,National Cancer Centre [2]Department of Radiology,Mayo Clinic

出　　处：《World Journal of Gastroenterology》2016年第1期205-220,共16页世界胃肠病学杂志（英文版）

摘　　要：Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary liver cancer.Imaging is important for establishing a diagnosis of HCC and early diagnosis is imperative as several potentially curative treatments are available when HCC is small.Hepatocarcinogenesis occurs in a stepwise manner on a background of chronic liver disease or cirrhosis wherein multiple genes are altered resulting in a range of cirrhosisassociated nodules.This progression is related to increased cellularity,neovascularity and size of the nodule.An understanding of the stepwise progression may aid in early diagnosis.Dynamic and multiphase contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging still form the cornerstone in the diagnosis of HCC.An overview of the current diagnostic standards of HCC in accordance to the more common practicing guidelines and their differences will be reviewed.Ancillary features contribute to diagnostic confidence and has been incorporated into the more recent Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System.The use of hepatocyte-specific contrast agents is increasing and gradually changing the standard of diagnosis of HCC;the most significant benefit being the lack of uptake in the hepatocyte phase in the earlier stages of HCC progression.An outline of supplementary techniques in the imaging of HCC will also be reviewed.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary liver cancer.Imaging is important for establishing a diagnosis of HCC and early diagnosis is imperative as several potentially curative treatments are available when HCC is small.Hepatocarcinogenesis occurs in a stepwise manner on a background of chronic liver disease or cirrhosis wherein multiple genes are altered resulting in a range of cirrhosisassociated nodules.This progression is related to increased cellularity,neovascularity and size of the nodule.An understanding of the stepwise progression may aid in early diagnosis.Dynamic and multiphase contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging still form the cornerstone in the diagnosis of HCC.An overview of the current diagnostic standards of HCC in accordance to the more common practicing guidelines and their differences will be reviewed.Ancillary features contribute to diagnostic confidence and has been incorporated into the more recent Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System.The use of hepatocyte-specific contrast agents is increasing and gradually changing the standard of diagnosis of HCC;the most significant benefit being the lack of uptake in the hepatocyte phase in the earlier stages of HCC progression.An outline of supplementary techniques in the imaging of HCC will also be reviewed.

关 键 词：HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA COMPUTEDTOMOGRAPHY Magnetic resonance imaging Contrastagent CIRRHOSIS Ancillary features 

分 类 号：R735.7[医药卫生—肿瘤] R730.44[医药卫生—临床医学] R445.2