国外大学选修制的演进——美国哈佛大学对德国哈勒大学的传承  

The Evolution of Elective System in Foreign University:The Heritage of Halle University to Harvard University

作　　者：汤建[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽大学高等教育研究所,安徽合肥230039

出　　处：《煤炭高等教育》2015年第6期43-47,共5页Meitan Higher Education

摘　　要：选修制发源于德国哈勒大学,确立并完善于美国哈佛大学。首先,通过探索选修制产生于德国哈勒大学的背景条件,分析选修制的三大要素;其次,选取具有代表性的哈佛大学,归纳其选修制在完善过程中经历的三个阶段(自由选修制、集中分配制、导师制)与四种类型(自由选课制、半主修半选修制、主修—辅修制、分组制);第三,依据国外大学选修制的演进得出对我国高等教育课程改革的启示,为更好地促进我国大学课程的发展与改革奠定基础。The elective system originated from University of Halle in Germany, and was estab- fished and perfected at Harvard University. This paper firstly probes into the background condi- tions under which an elective system emerged and analyzes the three major elements of the elec- tive system. Secondly, the paper chooses Harvard University as representative to summarize the three stages and four types of the elective system. The three stages are respectively sporadic e- lective system, centralized allocation system and tutorial system. The four types are elective sys- tern, semi-major and semi-elective system, major-minor system and grouping system. Finally, we draw the enlightenment to higher education reform in China from the evolution of the elec- tive system in foreign universities, and lay the foundation for the development and reform of our university curriculum.

关 键 词：选修制 哈佛大学 课程改革 学分制 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]