基于驾驶员特性的山区高速公路夜间限速模型  

Speed Limit Model of Mountain Freeway during the Night Based on Driver's Characteristics

作　　者：温惠英[1] 刘丹[1] 黄姣[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学土木与交通学院,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广西师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第4期6-13,共8页Journal of Guangxi Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51378222);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2014ZG0029)

摘　　要：为充分保障不同特征的驾驶员在山区高速公路夜间行驶的安全性,同时提高行驶的经济性,本文先从夜间环境,如环境照度、能见度、气象和眩光对驾驶员特性的影响分析出发,提出考虑驾驶员特性的夜间反应时间模型和有效动识距离模型。然后,根据主要目标优化思想,提出以驾驶经济性和安全性为目标的山区高速公路夜间限速方法。该方法通过将驾驶员在单位长度路段上每小时的时间费用和车辆燃油费用之和最小作为目标函数,并结合夜间反应时间模型和停车视距模型,考虑夜间对障碍物识别以及车辆行驶稳定性的安全性要求,将三者分别作为约束条件,由此建立起基于驾驶员特性的山区高速公路夜间安全车速最优化模型,从而求解该模型所得的最大安全车速值即为路段最大限速值。最后,为验证模型的合理性和有效性,以松建高速公路某路段为例,通过选取一定参数值,并运用Matlab仿真软件对该模型进行求解,得到不同能见度、路面附着系数和时段下的夜间动态最大安全车速值。仿真结果表明,当能见度和时段不变时,最大安全车速随路面附着系数的减小而减小;当路面附着系数和时段不变时,最大安全车速随路面附着系数的减小而减小;而当仅有时段变化时,最大安全车速值随时段的变化而出现一定程度的波动。该结果所表现的规律符合当前的相关研究成果,且以此得到的该路段的最高限速值99.390km/h,也与该高速公路的设计车速100km/h基本一致。因此,该限速模型为研究山区高速公路的安全车速和改善山区高速公路夜间行驶安全现状提供了一定参考。In order to fully protect the safety of drivers with different characteristics,and to improve the economic performance,a night time model and an effective dynamic distance model are proposed in this article,considering the night environments such as environmental illumination,visibility,weather and glare which affect the characteristics of the driver.Then,according to the main objective optimization idea,the night speed limit method of mountainous expressway is proposed based on driving economy and security.In this method,the time and the minimum of vehicle fuel cost per hour are chosen as the objective function,combining with constraint conditions of the safety requirements for obstacle recognition,vehicle driving stability,and night time reaction time model and parking sight distance model.In this way,an optimal model of the night time safety speed of freeway in mountainous area is established.The maximum safe speed value of the model is the maximum speed limit value of the freeway.Finally,to verify the rationality and validity of the model,a simulation is conducted by using Matlab.The simulation results show that the maximum safe speed decreases with the decrease of the road adhesion coefficient when the visibility and time are not changed,and the maximum safe speed decreases with the decrease of the road adhesion coefficient when the road adhesion coefficient and time are unchanged.The results show that the law is in line with the current research results,and the maximum speed limit value is 99.390km/h,which is consistent with the design speed of 100km/h of the highway.Therefore,the speed limit model provides a reference for studying the safety speed and improving the safety of highway in mountainous area.

关 键 词：山区高速公路 夜间限速 驾驶员特性 夜间反应时间模型 主要目标优化法 

分 类 号：U492.8[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]