四字谜问题解决中原型启发的时间抵消与位置效应  

The Position and Time Offset of Prototype Elicitation in Logogriph Problem Solving

作　　者：邢强[1] 王蕊[1] 唐志文[2] 孙海龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州大学心理学系,广州510006 [2]广东第二师范学院,广州510303

出　　处：《心理科学》2016年第2期312-317,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：羊城学者项目(1201561646)的资助

摘　　要：根据顿悟的原型启发理论,通过两个实验考察原型启发的时间抵消和位置效应。实验1采用2(字谜类型)×2(原型呈现时间)混合设计,结果发现:松组块字谜的正确率显著高于紧组块字谜;原型谜面消失的正确率显著大于谜面存在的正确率。实验2采用2(原型位置)×2(字谜类型)×2(原型呈现时间)混合设计,结果不仅证明了实验1,且原型位置、字谜类型、原型呈现时间的交互作用显著,原型在靶字谜之前时,紧组块字谜上谜面消失的正确率显著大于谜面存在的正确率;原型在靶字谜之后时,松组块字谜上谜面消失的正确率显著大于谜面存在的正确率。表明字谜顿悟问题解决中存在原型的时间抵消和位置效应,二者连同任务难度共同影响问题解决。On the basis of the theory of prototype elicitation in insight, this study design two experiments to examine whether different positions willbe influenced by task difficulty and presentation time of prototype elicitation logogriph in four-word logogriph problem solving. 16 target logogriphsand 16 prototype elicitation ones are selected from logogriph database established by Cong and Zhang （2013） to test. Each of the two types iscomposed of 8 slack block logogriphs （SBL） and 8 compact block logogriphs （CBL）. Every participant is required to finish 16 random logogriphs fromthe two types of logngriphs. Experiments are programmed by E-prime 2.0, where the logogriph type is tested as a within-subject variable including the SBL and CBL,the presentation time of prototype is a between group variable consisting of prototype existence （PE） and prototype disappearance （PD）. The firstexperiment is 2（logogriph type）x2（presentation time of prototype）mixed design, the prototype is in front of the target logogriph（BTL） and 77undergraduates are randomly assigned into the PE and PD groups. Repeatedly measured variance analysis shows that the accuracy of the SBL issignificantly higher than that of the CBL on whichever conditions of PE or PD （p=.001）, and the accuracy of the PD is remarkably higher than that ofthe PE （p=.0036）,we call this time offset effect. Additionally there is a strong interaction between logogriph type and presentation time of prototype（p=.018）. Further analysis on the simple effect displays that the scores of CBL on PD conditions are significantly higher than those on the PE ones（p〈.001）. In order to check the time offset effect and further examine whether the different positions of prototype can influence logogriph problem solving,we design experiment 2. It is 2（logngriph type）x2（the presentation time of prototype）x2 （position） mixed design. The position includes two cases, theprototype is placed behind （BTL） or in front of the target logogriph

关 键 词：顿悟 原型启发 字谜问题解决 时间抵消效应 原型位置效应 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]