论苏格拉底“辩证法”理论困境的成因——以康德哲学为切入点  

On Predicament of the “Dialectics”of Socrates——Using Kant Philosophy as the Breakthrough Point

作　　者：朱毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《理论界》2016年第2期25-31,共7页Theory Horizon

摘　　要：苏格拉底热衷对美德知识进行讨论,他在对话中惯用的"辩证法"常被世人冠以"精神助产术"之名,为人称道。但作为"产婆"的苏格拉底并未成功帮助对话者"助产"出任何确定的美德知识,大多有关美德问题的讨论都无果而终。事实上,这并非由于某种可以修正的诡辩"伎俩"所致,而是其背后潜藏着一个巨大的理论困境,即:仅凭来自经验的认知方式,我们不可获取任何超验性的美德知识,对此困境的成因苏格拉底本人并无自觉的认识。本文试图就这一问题为线索,从康德哲学的语境出发,予以剖析和阐释。Socrate likes takling the knowledge of virtue,In dialogue,his ＂Dialectics＂is often called spiritual midwifery.Howerver,as the ＂ midwife＂ Socrates has never succeed in helping others to definite any knowledge of virtue,most discussions about the problem of virtue have no answers.In fact,this is not because of some modified sophistry ＂trick＂,but hidden behind this present,there is a huge theoretical dilemma that leaving from the cognitive way,we can not obtain any transcendent virtue concepts.For socates has not awared the causes of this dilemma.This paper attempts to analyze and explain it acorrding with the context of the philosophy of Kant.

关 键 词：苏格拉底 辩证法 美德知识 理论困境 康德哲学 

分 类 号：B5[哲学宗教—外国哲学]