樟树籽仁蛋白的物理性质及安全性的研究  

Physical Properties and Safety of Protein Fractions in Camphor Tree Seed

作　　者：许海波[1] 代红发 李露敏 肖彦骏 王报贵[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津体育学院运动人体科学研究所,天津300381 [2]南昌大学食品学院国家重点实验室,南昌330047

出　　处：《食品工业》2016年第3期200-204,共5页The Food Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31000048;31170091);食品科学与技术国家重点实验室目标导向课题(SKLF-MB-201002);自由探索课题(SKLF-TS-200922;SKLF-MB-201003;SKLFKF-201009;SKLF-ZZA-201303;SKLF-ZZB-201517)

摘　　要：开发樟树籽仁蛋白作为一种新型植物蛋白资源。以石油醚低温脱脂的樟树籽仁为原料,采用Osborne法对樟树籽仁蛋白进行分级,得到清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白4种组分。为了较全面系统地了解樟树籽蛋白进行理化性质及动物毒性的测定。结果表明,樟树清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白分别占总蛋白的25.64%,23.51%,2.32%和18.39%;等电点分别为3.1,3.5,3.3和4.5;变性温度分别为45.35℃,46.15℃,43.53℃和52.56℃;清蛋白、球蛋白和谷蛋白的必需氨基酸含量丰富,醇溶蛋白含量较低;清蛋白和谷蛋白表面较规则,球蛋白和醇溶蛋白表面发亮;清蛋白、球蛋白和谷蛋白的二级结构主要为β-折叠,醇溶蛋白主要为无规卷曲。MTT和ELISA测定结果表明,在推荐膳食浓度(1.2 g/kg)下不会对BALB/c小鼠肝细胞和脾细胞引起凋亡及免疫炎症的反应,说明在动物水平上樟树籽仁蛋白是安全无毒的。试验对樟树籽仁分离蛋白的研究,为樟树籽仁蛋白质资源的开发利用奠定基础,也为其他植物蛋白质的研究提供理论依据。Camphor tree seed kernel protein was developed as a novel plant protein resource. In this study, degreased camphor seed kernels by petroleum ether was used as raw materials, and four components of albumin, globulin, gliadin and gluten were obtained from camphor tree seed by Osborne method. To comprehensively understand the functions of camphor tree seed protein, physical and safety properties were further studied. The results indicated that albumin, globulin, gliadin and gluten proportion of the total protein were 25.64%, 23.51%, 2.32% and 18.39%, respectively; Isoelectric points were 3.1, 3.5, 3.3 and 4.5, respectively; Denaturation temperatures were 45.35 ℃, 46.15 ℃, 43.53 ℃ and 52.56 ℃, respectively. Essential amino acids were rich in albumin, globulin and gluten while poor in gliadin; Albumin and gluten had orderly surface, globulin and gliadin had smooth surface; The main secondary structure of albumin, globulin and gluten was β-folded while random coil in gliadin. The results of MTT and ELISA showed camphor tree seed kernel protein couldn＇t induce apoptosis, immune and inflammatory responses on liver and spleen cells of BALB/c mouse（1.2 g/kg）. These results indicated that camphor tree seed kernel protein was safe and nontoxic in the animal level. The study layed foundation for the development and utilization of camphor tree seed kernel protein resources, and also provided a theoretical basis for the study of other plant proteins.

关 键 词：樟树籽蛋白 Osborne分级 功能性质 动物毒性 

分 类 号：TQ936.2[化学工程]