职业教育与普通高中教育收入回报之差异  

Educational Return Differences between Secondary Vocational Education and Regular Senior Secondary School Education

作　　者：陈伟[1] 乌尼日其其格 

机构地区：[1]上海大学社会学院社会学系

出　　处：《社会》2016年第2期167-190,共24页Chinese Journal of Sociology

摘　　要：讨论教育回报时,职业教育和普通高中教育之间所存在的实质性区别往往被学者忽略。本文使用中国家庭动态调查2010年基线调查数据来分析职业教育与普通高中教育在收入回报上的差异。结果表明,在控制教育类型的选择性因素和个人工作经验等变量的情况下,接受职业教育者比接受普通高中教育者有更多的收入回报。不过,收入回报的差异随教育世代而变化,改革开放早期接受职业教育者比接受普通高中教育者拥有较高的回报,1990年后接受职业教育者的收入回报已没有优势。本文认为,职业教育有回报优势源自于他们在高等教育供给不足的特定历史背景下更有可能从事专业技术性工作,而职业教育回报优势的消失则是因为高校扩招所带来的职业教育文凭价值相对降低。Previous studies of returns to education have paid little attention to the distinction between effects of secondary vocational education and regular senior secondary school education. Using human capital and information economics theories, this study puts forward three hypotheses on the differential returns between secondary vocational school and regular senior secondary school graduates. They are tested with the data from the China Family Panel Studies in 2010 （CFPS2010）. Ordinary Least Squares （OLS） often encounters problems of omitted variable and sample selection bias. Some factors affecting the choice of education are the same factors affecting returns. If these effects are not controlled, a biased coefficient could occur. Treatment effect model, with its ability to better control the effects of education choices, is better suited to estimate the differential returns of these two different types of education. The empirical results of OLS and treatment effect regression in this study show that vocational education has higher returns compared to regular high school education when education selection bias is controlled. Moreover, returns to vocational education vary across school cohorts. They appeared to have diminished since the 1990s after the initial high-return period in the early stage of the economic reform. The limited supply of college graduates in the 1980s and the 1990s higher education expansion have both contributed to this phenomenon.

关 键 词：职业教育 高中教育 教育回报 CFPS 干预效应模型 

分 类 号：G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]