温州市瓯海区市售大米中铅、镉、汞污染状况及健康风险评价  

Research on the contamination status of lead,cadmium and mercury in market-sold rice and its health risk evaluation in Ouhai district of Wenzhou

作　　者：詹珍洁 陈建业[1] 管克 

机构地区：[1]温州市瓯海区疾病预防控制中心,浙江温州325005

出　　处：《中国卫生检验杂志》2016年第6期875-876,879,共3页Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology

基　　金：温州市瓯海区科技计划项目(S20150304)

摘　　要：目的测定瓯海区市售大米中的重金属元素铅、镉、汞,评估其污染状况,并进行健康风险评价,为保障食品安全提供科学依据。方法利用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定铅和镉,利用原子荧光光谱法测定汞。卫生学评价依据GB 2762—2012《食品中污染物限量》中规定的大米中铅、镉、汞的限量(铅≤0.2 mg/kg、镉≤0.2 mg/kg、汞≤0.02 mg/kg)进行评价。结果共检测78份大米样品,其中铅、镉、汞的检出率分别为64.1%(50/78)、98.7%(77/78)、10.3%(8/78),检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=127.01,P<0.01)。4个不同产地的大米中,铅未出现超标情况,检测结果较为接近;镉的检测结果差别较大,本地大米中镉的检出率较高,并出现2份不合格。结论健康风险评价结果表明,瓯海区市售大米中的铅、镉、汞对人体健康风险影响较小,镉对人体健康影响存在一定的风险。Objective To determine heavy metals of lead,cadmium and mercury in rice in the market of Ouhai,Wenzhou,to assess the pollution and health risk,and provide scientific basis for the protection of food safety. Methods Lead and cadmium were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry,and mercury was determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Hygienic evaluation was conducted on the basis of the food contaminants of lead,cadmium and mercury in rice regulated in GB 2762—2012 Contaminants Limitation in Foods（ Pb ≤0. 2 mg / kg,Cd ≤0. 2 mg / kg,Hg ≤0. 02 mg / kg）.Results 78 samples were tested. The detected rate of lead was 64. 1%（ 50 /78）,the detected rate of cadmium was 98. 7%（ 77 /78）,and the detected rate of mercury was 10. 3%（ 8 /78）. There was statistical significance on the difference of detection rates（ χ^2= 127. 01,P〈0. 01）. The lead in four kinds of different rice didn＇t exceed standard and the detection results were close; the detection results of cadmium were different,the cadmium＇s detection rate of local rice was high,and 2 samples were unqualified. Conclusion The health risk evaluation results showed that the contents of lead,cadmium and mercury in rice in the markets of Ouhai,Wenzhou have little influence on people＇s health. But the content of cadmium has safety risk to people＇s health.

关 键 词：大米 铅 镉 汞 风险评价 

分 类 号：R155.5[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]