公众对医生、护士角色形象认知的现状调查分析  

Investigation and Analysis of the Current Status of Publics' Role Perception of Doctors and Nurses

作　　者：李爽[1] 李瑞珍 吴菁[1] 叶旭春[1] 

机构地区：[1]第二军医大学护理学院,上海200433 [2]解放军陆军总医院海南分院护理部,海南三亚572013

出　　处：《解放军护理杂志》2016年第4期15-18,共4页Nursing Journal of Chinese People's Liberation Army

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71073169)

摘　　要：目的调查公众对医生、护士角色形象认知的现状。方法 2014年7-9月,采用便利抽样法选择来自国内27个省或直辖市的社会公众474名为研究对象,采用医患角色认知刻板印象问卷对其进行横断面调查。结果公众对医生和护士的期望角色形象认知评价得分高于现实角色形象认知评价,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);公众对医生的现实角色形象认知评价得分高于对护士的现实角色形象认知评价,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);公众对医生的期望角色形象认知与对护士的期望角色形象认知的差异无统计学意义(P=0.17);多重线性回归分析显示,公众其亲属中是否经历医患纠纷(b=-27.45,P<0.05)及其亲属中有无住院经历(b=-6.48,P=0.036)对医生现实角色评价有显著影响,公众其亲属中是否经历医患纠纷(b=-27.13,P<0.05)对护士现实角色评价有显著影响(均P<0.05)。结论公众须正确认识医护群体的角色形象,同时医护群体须提高自身职业素质,加强沟通,媒体须引导正确的舆论导向,促进和谐医患关系的构建。Objective To investigate the current status of publics＇ role perception of doctors and nurses.Methods By convenience sampling,474 participants from 27 provinces were selected and investigated by using the questionnaire of stereotypes in role perception of doctors and nurses.Results Score of the role expectation of doctors and nurses was higher than the actual perception（P〈0.05）,and score of the role perception of doctors was higher than that of nurses（P〈0.05）.There was no significant difference in the score of role expectation between doctors and nurses（P=0.17）.The multiple linear regression analysis showed that whether the participant＇s relatives have expereienced medical disputes（b=-27.45,P〈0.05）or have been hospitalized（b=-6.48,P=0.036）can affect the role perception of doctors,and whether the participant＇s relatives have experienced medical disputes（b=-27.13,P〈0.05）can affect the role perception of nurses（all P〈0.05）.Conclusions The public should correctly understand the role perception of doctors and nurses,and the medical staff should improve their professional quality and strengthen the communication with the public.Besides,the media should guide the public opinion appropriately,and promote harmonious doctor-patient relationship.

关 键 词：角色认知 医患关系 医生 护士 

分 类 号：R197.323[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]