论日语动词意志性特征  

A Study on the Characteristics of the Will of Japanese Verbs

作　　者：何哲[1] 

机构地区：[1]嘉兴职业技术学院

出　　处：《日语学习与研究》2016年第2期31-38,共8页Journal of Japanese Language Study and Research

摘　　要：日语动词按照语义有无意志性,可分为意志动词和非意志动词两类。意志性特征可从两个层面观察,即词汇层面和句法层面。前者以他动词为主,具有命令、可能表达功能,主要体现在词汇的语义层面,突显动词意志的绝对性;后者在词汇层面为非意志动词,通常缺乏意志、可能等表达,与上述绝对意志动词形成对照,但在句子中如有副词、助动词、助词参与,有时也会有意志性。该意志性主要体现在句法层面,突显动词意志的相对性。对动词意志性特征的认识,这两个层面观察都不可或缺。尤其是使役态与助词「を」的参与,成为动词意志性的重要标志。According to the semantics of whether or not a verb has its will, Japanese verbs can be divided into two categories：will and non- will. The formation characteristics of will have two types： lexical level and syntactic level. The former usually appears in transitive verbs, with an expression of a command and possibility, mainly reflected in the lexical level, where will highlights the absolute nature of the verb. The latter, which is non- volitional verb at the lexical level, usually appears with a lack of will, carrying an expression of probability, and contrasts with the absolute volitional verb. But when it is in a sentence and appears with words such as adverbs, auxiliary verbs, and sometimes a will, the will is mainly reflected in the syntactic level, highlighting the relativity of the volitional verbs. In order to understand the characteristics of the will of Japanese verbs,the observation of these two levels are indispensable. In particular, the tense and the participation of the auxiliary word ＇wo＇will become an important symbol of the verbs＇ will.

关 键 词：动词 意志 非意志 词汇 句法 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语]