基于简化模型的头车转向架气动噪声特性研究  

Investigation into Aerodynamic Noise Characteristics of Train Head Car Bogie Based on Simplified Models

作　　者：李辉[1] 肖新标[1] 金学松[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,成都610031

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2016年第8期152-161,共10页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51475390;U1434201);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(SWJTU12ZT01)资助项目

摘　　要：由于高速列车气动噪声形成的机理和分析较为复杂,目前的检测系统还不能从列车高速运行状态下噪声测试中做出清楚的分辨,通过计算流体力学方法研究高速列车头车转向架气动噪声特性。建立经过简化的转向架、头车未安装转向架的简化车身和头车安装简化转向架的车身三种计算模型,分析列车运行200 km/h,300 km/h速度下简化转向架周围流场与气动声场特性,进一步分析此速度下简化转向架对头车车外气动噪声的影响。分析结果显示转向架周围有周期性的漩涡生成、脱落现象,气动噪声在其周围的辐射规律呈现偶极子分布。转向架车轴和构架横梁的上、下表面为偶极子声源集中的部位。前轮对在垂直与气流方向的竖直平面上和平行于气流方向的竖直平面上引起的噪声比后轮对大,在平行于气流的水平平面上比后轮对小。两个速度下,转向架气动噪声分布规律大致相同,幅值有差别。转向架使头车车外噪声显著增高,转向架附近噪声增幅尤为明显。行车速度200 km/h时,简化转向架能使头车车外气动噪声幅值增大3-5 d BA,行车速度300 km/h时,增幅为5-8 d BA。Due to the complicated mechanism of high-speed train aerodynamic noise formation and difficult in its analysis, using the current detection system can’t distinguish high-speed train aerodynamic noise characteristics clearly from the measured the total noise of the high-speed train in operation. The calculation models of aerodynamic noise of the simplified bogie, the simplified car body and the car body with the two simplified bogies are developed. Using these models analyze flow field and acoustic field distribution around the simplified bogie, the simplified car body and the car body with the two simplified bogies at 200 km/h, 300 km/h. The analysis results show the simplified bogie with periodic vortex generation and shedding phenomenon, around the surrounding radiation dipole distribution, bogie side up and down for the aerodynamic noise source concentration area when it operates. This is mainly caused by the role between the wheelset axle and the bogie frame beam and airflow. The noise level of the front wheelset is larger than that of the rear wheelset on both the vertical symmetric plane perpendicular to the travelling direction and the longitudinal symmetry plane. Bogies play a significant role to aerodynamic noise around the head car. At the speed of 200 km/h,the interaction of the bogie and the airflow can make head car outside of pneumatic noise amplitude increased 3-5 dBA, and 5-8 dBA for 300 km/h . Noise increasing near the bogie is the most obvious.

关 键 词：高速列车 车头 转向架 轮对 气动噪声 

分 类 号：U270[机械工程—车辆工程]