终身学习电子档案技术标准比较与信息模型设计  

Comparison on Technical Standards and Design of Information Models of Lifelong Learning e-Portfolio

作　　者：余平[1] 祝智庭[2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学上海数字化教育装备工程技术研究中心,上海200062 [2]华东师范大学开放教育学院,上海200062

出　　处：《开放教育研究》2016年第3期107-115,共9页Open Education Research

基　　金：上海终身教育研究院基金项目"终身学习电子档案信息模型与技术标准"(SJJ14001);上海市科委技术委员会工程技术研究中心能力提升项目"上海数字化教育装备工程技术研究中心"(13DZ2280300)

摘　　要：面对终身学习技术平台的多样性和终身学习项目的复杂性,如何全面连续记录终身教育参与者的学习过程,建立市民终身学习电子档案,是发展终身教育、建设学习型城市的重要内容。目前电子学档的应用大多基于某个学习阶段或某个学习机构,不同电子学档系统采用不同的方法对学档内容进行描述,不利于电子学档在终身教育各个应用场景间进行交换和共享。为了实现电子学档内容在终身学习体系的全覆盖,并能够在不同系统之间共享,需要对电子学档的内容组件及其描述规范进行标准化,本研究在分析电子学档在终身学习中的应用及需求后,选取IMS、JISC以及一些开源组织提出的与电子学档相关的技术标准,从标准的信息模型(数据模型)、标准之间的关系等角度比较各类标准的特点、使用方式和应用情况,提出一种适用于终身学习的电子学档信息模型,包含能够基本覆盖终身学习的电子学档三大类九小类内容组件。文章最后提出电子学档信息模型应用于终身学习系统的建议,包括属性设计、词汇表设计和视图设计等。Socialization,personalization and persistence are the key characteristics of lifelong Education system. Facing the complexity of lifelong learning technology platforms and the diversity of lifelong learning programs,learning to fully continuous record lifelong education participants and establish individual citizens lilfelong learning e-portfolio is critical to fulfill the strategic objectives of developing lifelong education and building a learning city in two aspects：Firstly it provides evidences for the continuous improvements of learners,and secondly it helps learners to have continuously self-assessment. Presently,however,e-portfolio has always been applied in an isolated learning phrase in an isolated institute,and there has little exchanges between these institutes. What＇s more,the description specifications of eportfolios are different,so even if e-portfolio can be exchanged between institutes,it is still very difficult to share the contents. To fulfill the efficient sharing of e-portfolios among all the educational institutes and workplaces,a standardized content description and packaging method are needed for e-portfolio.In this paper,we first briefly introduced the concept and function of e-portfolio. Then some typical applications of e-portfolio in longlife learning are presented,together with the requirements for the technical standards of e-portfolio to support the exchange and sharing of information among different long-life learning platforms. Some typical standards related to e-portfolio are chosen and their information models and application modes are compared. Among these standards,IMS e-portfolio is a complicated standard which has been put forward early. JISC LEAP2 A is simpler and has been adopted in some famous e-portfolio systems. Mozilla Open Badge is another specification that has been used to represent an informal learning outcome. ADL x API is a new generation of famous SCORM specification,and can be used to represent learning experiences which is one part of e-portfolio contents.

关 键 词：终身学习 电子学档 信息模型 标准 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]