英国青少年科学职业理想及影响因素述评  

The review of teenagers’ aspiration to science and its influential factors in the UK

作　　者：杨佳欣[1] 许丹莹[1] 翟俊卿[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学教育学院

出　　处：《科学教育与博物馆》2016年第3期230-235,共6页Science Education and Museums

摘　　要：当前许多国家都正面临着或即将面临STEM 人才缺口问题.青少年的职业理想与其成年后从事的职业具有较强的相关性,故培养青少年的科学职业理想至关重要.研究发现,科学相关职业在青少年的职业理想中受欢迎程度较低,而学生对科学的兴趣和态度并不能完全对此做出解释.因此引入了家庭“科学资本”的概念,用以反映学生家人对科学的理解、与科学的关系如何对学生的科学职业理想产生影响.同时,学生对科学学习的自我感觉、对科学家及科学职业的看法、对科学通往职业领域的认识也是学生认为科学“适合”或“不适合”自己的影响因素.此外,其他重要相关因素还包括性别和种族等.Nowadays many countries are confronted or will be confronted with the shortage of STEM talents. As teenagers’ aspiration can give a good indication of the types of career that a person is likely to pursue in later life, it is essential to develop teenagers’ aspiration to science. From the research, we can find that careers related to science are quite unpopular, which cannot be explained with teenagers’ interest and view of science. By introducing the concept of scientific capital of families, we can understand how a student’s existing resources-notably their family’s understanding of and relationship to science- can shape the aspiration to science. Besides, the self-concept, the view to scientist and the awareness of where science can lead, can also contribute to teenagers seeing science"for me"or"not for me". Gender and ethnicity are also related with the aspiration to science.

关 键 词：青少年 科学职业理想 科学资本 性别 种族 

分 类 号：G633.98[文化科学—教育学]