中国农村寄宿制初中生铁相关营养知识状况  

A survey on the baseline status of iron related nutrition knowledge in the 21 provinces of rural boarding school in China

作　　者：陈頔[1] 孙静[1] 黄建[1] 王丽娟[1] 朴玮[1] 唐艳斌[1] 李瑾[1] 高洁[1] 霍军生[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所/国家卫生和计划生育委员会微量元素营养重点实验室,北京100050

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2016年第6期810-813,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家卫生和计划生育委员会卫生行业科研专项项目(201202012)

摘　　要：目的了解中国21个省农村寄宿制初中生铁营养相关知识知晓情况,为通过食物强化评估学生铁营养状况改善情况提供基线资料和科学依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,对我国东、中、西部3个经济区域内21个省农村寄宿制2 716名初中生进行铁相关营养知识知晓状况问卷调查。结果学生对铁缺乏和人体健康有关的知识知晓率高达87.00%,使用铁锅是否还需要补铁、营养性贫血的发生与哪种物质有关、微量营养素补充的好方法、12～14岁血液中血红蛋白值低于多少属于贫血、铁强化酱油中添加的是何种铁、缺铁有哪些症状的知晓率分别为57.58%,56.19%,16.31%,15.02%,12.85%和5.96%;在哪种食物铁含量丰富且易被人体吸收、食用＂铁强化酱油＂的作用和铁缺乏会对学生有哪些影响3个问题上,男、女生知晓率差异均有统计学意义（χ^2值分别为6.002,7.093,5.622,P值均〈0.05）。学生铁相关营养知识得分情况的主要影响因素包括性别、经济区域和父亲文化程度（χ^2值分别为6.901,59.991,32.137,P值均〈0.01）;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,影响学生铁营养相关知识及格率的主要影响因素为性别、经济区域和父亲文化程度（OR值分别为1.161,1.920和1.284）。结论农村寄宿制中学生铁相关营养知识的知晓程度相对较低。应加强中小学生相关知识和行为的教育及宣传工作,从铁相关疾病危险因素方面预防和控制铁缺乏及贫血。Objective To gain a deep understanding of the iron nutrition in 21 provinces, and to provide the baseline data and scientific basis for the improvement of iron nutrition status of students. Methods This paper tries to use stratified random cluster sampling method, and a total of 2 716 boarding school students from three economic regions in China were investigated. And a questionnaire was used to survey the iron related nutrition knowledge. Results The Knowledge of iron deficiency and human health relationship for students was up to 87.00%,and as to iron supplement after using the iron pan, the occurrence of nutritional anemia associated with what kind of material, a good way to supplement the micronutrient, what is the value of anemia in 12-14 years old,what kind of iron is added in the iron-fortified soy sauce and the right awareness of what are the symptoms of iron deficiency were 57.58%, 56.19%, 16.31%,15.02%, 12.85%,and 5.96%. To comparatively analyze the problem of which food is rich in iron and easy to be absorbed by human body, the role of ＂ iron-fortified soy sauce＂ and iron deficiency affected to the student, the correct awareness rate of boys and girls have significant difference（ χ^2= 6. 002, 7. 093, 5. 622,P〈0. 05）; The main influential factors of students＇ score of iron-related nutrition knowledge include gender, economic area and parental education level（ P〈0.01）. Logistic regression analysis showed the values that the main factors affecting students＇ iron nutrition are related knowledge rate（ pass rate） of gender, economic regional and father＇s education level were 1.161,1.920 and 1.284. Conclusion In the 21 provinces of China,rural boarding school students＇ knowledge of iron nutrition level is relatively low.We should strengthen the education and propaganda the knowledge of rural boarding school students＇ related knowledge and behavior, and prevent and control the risking factors of iron-related diseases.

关 键 词：铁 知识 回归分析 学生 农村人口 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R195.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]