中国古代“即身而道在”教育的基本特征——一种具身性教育的永恒魅力  

The Essential Characteristics of the Ancient Chinese Education Based on “Dao Exists Where Body Exists”:An Eternal Charm of Embodied Education

作　　者：李申申[1] 李志刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学教育科学学院,河南开封475004

出　　处：《河南大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第4期103-114,共12页Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学重大招标课题"高校培育和践行社会主义核心价值观长效机制研究"(VEA150005)阶段性成果

摘　　要：中国古代哲学的基本精神是"即身而道在":精神修养与身体成长融合为一,身体是精神修养的承载者和发源地,它孕育着精神、包含着精神、践行着精神。人对"道"的追寻就存在于日常生活之中,每一个体都是自身成道的主体,即"人皆可以为尧舜"。由此,形成了中国古代"身道合一"之教育思想与实践的基本特征,主要体现在以下几个方面:中国古代德性化的教育是"人的教育";教育方法凸显受教育者的主体自觉性和内在超越性;知行合一是"身道合一"教育的必然推演;注重从血脉上感化人、从情感上教育人;忧国忧民之情怀和"以身殉道"之精神成为中国士人之品格与风骨等。随着人类社会的发展,中国古代"即身而道在"的具身性教育传统显现出超越时空的价值与魅力:这种教育是对灵肉二分、架空理性的二元思维的超越;是与当代大众文化、消费文化过度强调肉体感官享受的对抗;为充满复杂性和风险性的当代社会提供了高水平思维,诸如培养受教育者具有一种长远、系统、全面思考能力的整体性思维,在这样的教育中充盈着辩证思维的智慧,所秉持的"中庸之道"正是儒家道德的最高境界和中国人处理事务的大智慧的体现。＂Dao exists where body exists＂is the essential spirit of the ancient Chinese philosophy,which means spiritual cultivation and physical growth fuse into one subject.Body is not only the carrier and source of spiritual cultivation,but originally breeds and contains spirit.We search for Daoin our daily lives,where everyone is the subject who himself achieves Dao：＂Everybody can be Yao and Shun＂.So the basic feature of the ancient Chinese education is that＂Unity of body and Dao＂.It has some features as the following：ancient Chinese education focuses on how to cultivate human beings;subject consciousness and immanent transcendence are embodied in the course of education;＂unity of knowledge and action＂is the consequent principle in the ancient Chinese education;emphasizing the influence on learners＇ flesh and emotion in the course of education,feeling of concerning one＇s own country and people and spirit of devoting as a martyr to pursue Dao are the characteristics of the Chinese intellectuals.With the development of contemporary human society,ancient Chinese education based on＂Dao exists where body exists＂shows giant value and charm transcending time and space.This education can transcend the binary thinking about insulating spirit and flesh,resist against overemphasis on sensual and physical indulgence in contemporary mass culture and customer culture,provide holistic,dialectic and moderate-wise high level thinking to the contemporary society with complexity and high risks.

关 键 词：中国古代教育 “即身而道在” 具身性教育 

分 类 号：G40-02[文化科学—教育学原理]