小学生营养午餐微量营养素摄入情况评价  

Evaluation of micronutrient intake from nutrition lunch among primary school students

作　　者：夏浩业 代旭[1] 王良[1] 田景丰[1] 梁新新[1] 朱文丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系,北京100191

出　　处：《卫生研究》2016年第4期593-598,共6页Journal of Hygiene Research

摘　　要：目的评价小学生在校营养午餐微量营养素的摄入情况及全天膳食比例。方法采用方便抽样的方法,选择丰台区4所提供营养午餐的小学1-6年级共770名学生作为研究对象。采用膳食分析软件分析学校连续3天的午餐食谱并考虑剩余情况,计算午餐微量营养素,包括钙、铁、锌、维生素A、维生素B_1、维生素B_2、维生素C的实际摄入量;采用3 d膳食回顾法获得校外膳食微量营养素的摄入量。结果营养午餐钙、铁、锌、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B_2、维生素C摄入不足比例分别为100%、14.5%、19.6%、78.7%、98.2%、74.2%和92.7%,全天膳食7种微量营养素摄入不足比例分别为94.2%、14.0%、12.6%、61.7%、79.2%、51.7%和63.9%,且营养午餐和全天膳食7种微量营养素的摄入不足比例均有随年龄增加而增长的趋势（P〈0.001）;营养午餐和全天膳食中各年龄组钙和4种维生素的实际摄入量占RNI的比例均低于相应标准,铁、锌则基本达到相应标准;营养午餐中铁锌摄入占全天摄入的百分比的平均水平达到推荐值（40%）,而其他微量营养素的占比基本在30%左右。结论小学生营养午餐及全天膳食中各微量营养素的摄入不足情况均较严重,且营养午餐对全天微量营养素摄入的贡献较小。Objective To evaluate the micronutrient intake of nutrition lunch and the proportion contrasting with all day diet among primary school students. Methods A method of convenient sampling was performed to select 770 students of grades 1 to 6 from four primary schools in Fengtai district of Beijing which offered nutrition lunch. We analyzed school lunch recipes for three consecutive days using diet analysis software and considered the residual situation,calculated micronutrient intake from nutrition lunch,including calcium,iron,zinc,vitamin A,vitamin B_1,vitamin B_2,vitamin C. The micronutrient intake outside school was obtained by using dietary retrospective method.Results Inadequate intake ratios of micronutrients of nutrition lunch,including calcium,iron,zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B_1,vitamin B_2,vitamin C,were 100%,14. 5%,19. 6%,78. 7%,98. 2%,74. 2% and 92. 7%,respectively. Inadequate intake ratios of seven kinds of micronutrients of all day diet were 94. 2%,14. 0%,12. 6%,61. 7%,79. 2%,51. 7% and 63. 9%,respectively. Inadequate micronutrient intake ratios of nutrition lunch and all day diet increased with the age growth（ P〈0. 001）. The proportion of the actual intake of micronutrients in RNI was lower than the corresponding standards in nutrition lunch and all day diet among all age groups,expect iron and zinc.The levels of iron and zinc reached recommended value（ 40%）,which was the mean of the proportion of the intake of nutrition lunch in the intake of all day diet,and these levels of other micronutrients were about 30%. Conclusion The micronutrient intake situation of nutrition lunch and all day diet failed to meet the needs of the growth and development of primary school students,little contribution was made by the nutrient intake of nutrition lunch for all day diet.

关 键 词：小学生 营养午餐 全天膳食 微量营养素 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]