荞麦籽粒的物理学特性研究  

Study on physical characteristics of buckwheat( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seeds

作　　者：李进才[1] 赵习姮[2] 赵建城[3] 郭慧敏[1] 王超[3] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院,天津300072 [2]天津大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300072 [3]中国农业机械化科学研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《食品与机械》2016年第7期1-4,79,共5页Food and Machinery

基　　金：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(编号:201303069)

摘　　要：为了解荞麦籽粒的物理学特性,检测了5个荞麦品种籽、壳和仁的10个物理学特性。结果表明:籽含水率11.6%~13.4%,籽粒度3.8~5.0 mm占90%以上,仁色泽L*、a*和b*值分别约为籽的1.8,1.7,2.6倍,籽千粒重27.1~37.2 g,籽和仁容重分别为578~698,699~795 kg/m^3,籽、壳和仁比重分别约为1.11,0.61,1.13 g/cm3,壳和仁占籽重量比率分别为13.8%~19.2%,80.8%~86.2%,壳厚度约0.18 mm,壳仁间隙0.09~0.12 mm,仁硬度1.07~1.26 kg;不同品种荞麦的籽含水率和千粒重,籽仁容重,壳仁占籽重量比率,壳仁间隙及仁硬度等有较大差异。不同品种荞麦籽粒的这些物理学共性和特异性,对荞麦脱壳技术研究及脱壳生产工艺调整等有重要指导意义。To investigate the physical characteristics of buckwheat（ Fagopyrum esculentum Moench） seeds,ten physical characteristics of five buckwheat cultivars were researched on their seeds,shells and kernels.The results showed that buckwheat seed moisture percentage was 11. 6%-13. 4% and the size of more than 90% of buckwheat seed grains was 3. 8- 5. 0 mm. The color values of L＊,a＊and b＊in kernels were about 1.8 times,1. 7 times and 2. 6 times higher than those in seeds,respectively. And then the thousand grain weight of buckwheat seeds and the volume weights of seeds and kernels were measured to be 27. 1- 37. 2 g,578- 698 kg / m^3,and 699- 795 kg/m^3 respectively. Moreover,specific weight of seeds,shells and kernels were also valuated to be about 1. 11 g /cm3,0. 61 g/cm^3 and 1. 13 g / cm^3,and the weight percentage of shell and kernel accounted for seeds was 13. 8%- 19. 2% and 80. 8%- 86.2% respectively. In addition,the thickness of seed shells and the gaps between shells and kernels were found to be about 0. 18 and 0. 09- 0. 12 mm,and the. seed kernel hardness was measure to be 1. 07- 1. 26 kg.Therefor,different buckwheat species showed relatively large differences in their seed moisture percentage,thousand grain weight,volume weight of seed and kernel,weight percentage of shell and kernel accounted for seeds,clearance between shell and kernel of seeds,and seed kernel hardness. Consequently,the commonality and specificity in seed physical characteristics among the different species might provide us some valuable information for the researches of the techniques and the adjustment of production process technologies in buckwheat hulling.

关 键 词：荞麦 籽粒 色泽 比重 壳仁间隙 仁硬度 

分 类 号：TS210.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]