知识阈值对组织学习绩效的影响研究  

The Effect of Knowledge Thresholds on Organizational Learning Performance

作　　者：宋艳双[1] 刘人境[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学管理学院,西安710049

出　　处：《管理科学》2016年第4期94-103,共10页Journal of Management Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71271166);国家社会科学基金(15XGL001)~~

摘　　要：组织学习可以提升企业对动态环境的适应能力,是企业赖以生存和获取竞争优势的重要途径。已有的组织学习影响因素研究,更多地关注组织结构、信息技术、环境动态性等外部情景因素对组织学习的影响,很少考虑组织内个体之间知识结构的差异。不同个体由于教育背景、专业领域、认知模式等的差异,具有不同的知识基础。知识距离的存在使个体获取、吸收和使用知识的能力不同,并将对知识学习的效果产生影响。基于个体认知视角,运用多主体仿真方法,考虑不同个体之间的知识距离,对经典的组织学习计算模型进行补充和扩展,引入知识阈值限定知识距离的波动范围,分别在阈值相同和阈值异质性两种情况下,探讨知识距离的不同阈值对组织学习绩效的影响和作用机理。研究结果表明,阈值相同情况下,组织平均知识水平随阈值变动参数的增加而不断提升,当初始有近一半的个体有机会发生知识交互时,通过学习最终能够实现网络中几乎所有个体的充分交互,从而使组织知识水平达到最优;阈值异质性情况下,由于社会分类效应的存在,不同类型个体之间很难发生交互,从而限制了个体对最优知识的搜索能力。在相同的平均阈值变动参数下,阈值异质性组织的平均知识水平低于阈值相同组织,但随着平均阈值变动参数的增加,二者之间的差距逐渐减小;随着知识交互范围的增大,个体间的理解和沟通不断增强,知识也将逐渐趋于一致。敏感性分析结果表明,放松模型主要控制变量的假设之后,研究结论仍然成立。研究结果厘清了知识距离与组织学习绩效之间的影响关系,为组织学习影响因素研究提供了一个新的视角,同时为企业更好地开展组织学习实践提出了可供参考的建议,如优化人员构成、建立有效的内部沟通机制、营造良好的组织学习氛围等。Organizational learning can help organizations improve their ability to adapt to dynamic environment, and has been an effective way for them to survive and gain competitive advantages.Existing researches on influencing factors of organizational learning pay much attention to the external factors such as organizational structure, information technology and environmental dy-namism.However, few studies consider the differences of knowledge structures among individuals.Due to their differences in ed-ucation background, areas of expertise, cognitive pattern, etc., individuals have different knowledge bases.The knowledge dis-tance between individuals leads to various levels of capability for knowledge acquisition, absorption and application, and will fi-nally have an effect on learning performance. From the perspective of individual cognition, using multi-agent based simulation, this paper extends a classic computational mod-el of organizational learning by considering knowledge distance between individuals and introducing knowledge thresholds to limit the fluctuation range of knowledge distance.This paper investigates the effect and mechanism of knowledge thresholds on the per-formance of organizational learning under conditions of threshold homogeneity and threshold heterogeneity respectively. The results indicate that： ①In the situation of homogeneous thresholds, the average knowledge level of organization increases with the threshold variation parameters.If nearly half individuals have the chance to interact with others in the beginning of the simulation, almost all the individuals in the network can fully interact through learning, and the knowledge level of the organiza-tion can achieve its optimum.②In the situation of heterogeneous thresholds, as a result of social classification effect, it is diffi-cult for different types of individuals to interact, and their abilities to search for optimal knowledge are limited.Under the same average threshold variation parameter, the average knowledge level of organi

关 键 词：知识距离 组织学习 知识阈值 组织学习绩效 社会分类 

分 类 号：F272.9[经济管理—企业管理]