翻译能力的认知观:以识解为中心  

A Construal-centered Cognitive Approach to Understanding Translation Competence

作　　者：谭业升[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学

出　　处：《中国翻译》2016年第5期15-22,共8页Chinese Translators Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"基于语料库与认知文体学的汉学家小说翻译批评研究"(14BYY011);上海市哲社规划基金项目"英美汉学家小说翻译的认知研究"(KB15913D);上海外国语大学青年教师科研创新团队项目(QJTD14TYS001)

摘　　要：本文主要从认知语言学的识解理论出发探讨翻译能力的认知构成和系统。文章首先回顾了与翻译能力认识密切相关的传统"转换"概念,基于认知语言学对传统形式一意义观以及对翻译过程的编码一解码模式和通道模式的隐喻解构,进行了批判,继而提出,翻译转换的认知实质是识解转换或重构,并指出转换是非一次性的、有认知制约的选择过程。接下来,文章探讨了识解在译者语言知识表征和语言使用之间的作用,对已有的翻译能力认知观,包括Shreve的图式—例示观和Risku的交互一涌现观,进行了融合和深化。文章指出,翻译中的识解重构和选择既是个体行为。也体现在文化层面。最后,基于识解对翻译能力系统中其他要素如双语知识表征、百科/文化知识和生理心理因素的聚合接口作用,本文提出将识选能力(识解重构与选择能力)作为翻译能力体系中核心子能力的假设。识解视角的融入和翻译能力模式的调整可能会给翻译教学或译者培养开拓新的途径。This paper brings a construal-focused cognitive linguistic perspective to bear on a reexamination of the system of translation competence(TC).Metaphorically deconstructing the traditional view of formmeaning relations that underlies both the decoding-encoding model and the conduit model of translation process,the paper critiques two concepts essential to the traditional notion of TC,i.e., 'shift' and 'transfer.' It then reinterprets translational shift in terms of construal shift or realignment,pointing out that shift or realignment is a selective process under cognitive constraints rather than a one-shot deal.In view of how construal links the representation of linguistic knowledge and language use in a certain context,it further integrates and enriches Shreve's schema-instance model and Risku's interactional-emergent model of TC,pointing out that construal realignment and selection in translation happen both at the individual and the cultural level.Given the role construal plays in linking and converging the other components of the TC system,such as bilingual knowledge,encyclopedic/cultural knowledge and physiological-psychological factors,the paper proposes that the sub-competence of 'construal realignment and selection' be seen as the central component of the TC system.

关 键 词：识解 翻译能力 转换 重构 选择 

分 类 号：H059[语言文字—语言学]