政治话语的博弈——美国总统竞选辩论中框定与重新框定策略的认知解析  

Gaming in Political Discourses:A Cognitive Analysis of the Framing and Reframing Strategies in the American Presidential Election Debates

作　　者：汪少华[1] 袁红梅[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学外国语学院,江苏南京210097 [2]南京信息工程大学语言文化学院,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《外国语》2016年第4期47-57,共11页Journal of Foreign Languages

基　　金：教育部人文社科研究一般项目"基于语料库的当代美国政治语篇的架构隐喻模式分析"(项目批准号:11YJA740085);江苏省社会科学重点项目"中国政治话语体系的认知构建研究"(项目编号:15YYA002);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(优势学科代码:20110101)

摘　　要：文章选取2012年美国首场总统竞选辩论中经济议题的辩论文本为语料,运用框定理论从公众接受的视角解析了奥巴马与罗姆尼的政治博弈策略,归纳了他们使用的主要框架和重构框架。本研究证实了Lakoff(2004/2008)提出的美国共和党比民主党更善于框定自身政治主张的观点。研究进一步表明:在运用框架建构美国的经济现实以进行概念操纵的过程中,罗姆尼的框架更为成功地运用了隐喻、意象、故事等思维构块,更有效地驾驭了公众情感;罗姆尼基于共和党的道德观表述政策,对奥巴马的经济框架进行了道德层面的重新框定,而奥巴马的框架却限于具体政策层面;奥巴马屡次使用罗姆尼的语言重复并强化了罗姆尼的框架,从而"帮助"罗姆尼赢得了更多"摇摆派"的支持。Taking as its data the scripts of the debates on economic issues in the first debate of the 2012 US presiden- tial election and Framing Theory as its framework, this paper analyzes the strategies of political gaming between Obama and Romney and summarizes the main frames and reframes they have used from the perspective of public ac- ceptance. The present study verifies the claim by Lakoff （2004/2008） that the American Republican Party does better in framing its political views than the Democratic Party. It is further discovered that in the process of framing American economic reality for conceptual manipulation, Romney uses such mind chunks as metaphors, images and narratives in his frames more successfully and manipulates the public＇ s emotions more efficiently; Romney states his policies on the basis of Republicans＇ moral values and reframes Obama＇ s economic frames morally, while Obama＇ s frames are merely confined to the specific policies themselves; Obama frequently copies Romney＇ s language and reinforces his frames by repetition, which somehow helps Romney win the support of more ＂swing voters＂.

关 键 词：框定 重新框定 隐喻 情感 道德 

分 类 号：H315[语言文字—英语]