南美白对虾太阳能干燥能耗参数优化及中试  

Parameter optimization for energy consumption of solar drying of Penaeus vannamei and pilot scale rest

作　　者：王伟华[1] 王海[2] 何思鲁 王颉[1] 冉国伟[2] 郭雪霞[2] 刘瑜[2] 张慧媛[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学食品科技学院,保定071000 [2]农业部规划设计研究院农产品加工工程研究所,北京100125

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第18期271-278,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD19B01)

摘　　要：为降低南美白对虾干燥能耗,提高南美白对虾干燥品质,该文探讨了实验室太阳能干燥温度、风速及干燥量对干燥效果的影响和中试试验。通过实验室试验确定干燥温度范围为45～55℃,风速6～8 m/s,干燥量3～4 kg,响应面分析法分析了太阳能干燥温度、风速及干燥量与干燥能耗的关系,建立了二次回归模型,确定南美白对虾太阳能干燥最佳工艺参数为：干燥温度为53.40℃,风速为7.43 m/s,干燥量为3.65 kg。在实验室数据的基础上进行了中试试验,结果表明干燥鲜虾量100 kg（煮后69.5 kg）得到38.16 kg产品,所需总能耗549 827.05 k J,其中太阳能提供了379 619.05 k J,实际耗电47.28k W·h（折合能量170 208 k J）。太阳能干燥单位质量（1 kg）南美白对虾实际能耗0.68 k W·h/kg,相比热风纯电加热器干燥节能1.51k W·h/kg,相比燃煤烘房干燥可减少0.75kg/kg CO2排放。该研究结果为南美白对虾太阳能干燥工业化生产提供参考。Penaeus vannamei is the agricultural product with high nutrition and delicious taste. It is becoming increasingly popular in both domestic and foreign consumers and has realized its health benefits to people. But Penaeus vannamei is a kind of product with seasonal characteristics for harvest and has short storage period due to the vulnerability to infection by the microbes and spoilages during storage. As a result, we may suffer a great loss in the end. So the drying of Penaeus vannamei is becoming an important processing. The drying of Penaeus vannamei is mainly the traditional natural drying at present. It has many disadvantages： products being spoilt due to wind, rain, and dust, great loss due to animals and birds, and deterioration due to decomposition by fungi and insect. Further, the process will spend much time, need a lot of labors and occupy a large area for spreading the produce out to dry. So the natural drying under the open sky can not guarantee the quality of final products. It is difficult to meet the needs of industrial production. The drying using coal-fire needs a lot of energy consumption and causes heavy pollution during the drying process. Whatever, the artificial mechanical drying such as vacuum freeze-drying and hot-air drying is energy intensive and expensive, and it will ultimately increase the product cost. Solar drying system can process Penaeus vannamei in clean and sanitary conditions. It takes little time and energy, occupies fewer areas and improves product quality. Solar drying is efficient and can protect the environment. To reduce the Penaeus vannamei drying energy consumption and improve the drying quality, the effects of solar drying temperature, drying capacity and airflow rate on the drying process were investigated in the laboratory. The results showed that the increase of the drying temperature and airflow rate and the reduction of the drying capacity could improve the drying rate and shorten the drying time. In the later stage of drying, the effect of drying parameters o

关 键 词：干燥 优化 能效 南美白对虾 太阳能干燥 能耗 

分 类 号：TS254.4[轻工技术与工程—水产品加工及贮藏工程]