基于学生与教师化学问题解决认知过程差异的教学启示  

Teaching Enlightenment Based on the Differences of Cognitive Process of Students and Teachers

作　　者：季春阳[1] 朱琳琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学教师教育学院

出　　处：《化学教育》2016年第19期21-25,共5页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

基　　金：2013年黑龙江省高等教育教改工程项目(JG2013010353);2014年哈尔滨师范大学教改工程项目;哈尔滨师范大学社会科学预研项目(10JYTB19)

摘　　要：学生相对于教师在化学问题解决时普遍存在3个问题，即不会解决含有多余条件的问题；在规定时间内解题速度慢；面对综合性问题无方法。从认知心理学角度分析产生这3个问题的原因，主要是由于学生与教师在化学问题解决认知过程中，对于问题知觉的刺激与知觉的加工、信息整理与资源分配和知识组织方式3方面存在差异。为缩小教师与学生之间的差距，提高学生化学问题解决的能力，教师应关注学生解决问题过程的思维变化，改变教学方法。Compared with teachers, the students had three problems in chemical problem solving： no-solving the problem with excess conditions, solving problem slowly within the pre- scribed time, no way to solve the comprehensive problem. This paper analyzed the main causes of these three problems from the perspective of cognitive psychology： there were differences be- tween the stimulus and perception of the problem, the information arrangement, the distribution of resource and the way of knowledge organization in the cognitive process of students ; and teach- ers; solving chemical problems. In order to reduce the gap between teachers and students, im- prove students; ability to solve chemical problems, teachers should pay attention to the change of students~ thinking in the process of solving problem, and change teaching methods accordingly.

关 键 词：化学问题解决 认知过程差异 学生与教师 信息整理 资源分配 

分 类 号：G633.8[文化科学—教育学]