农民工随迁子女在城市接受义务教育的现实困境与政策选择  

The Actual Difficulties and Policy Suggestions on Compulsory Education for Migrant Children of Off-farm Workers in Cities

作　　者：邬志辉[1,2] 李静美[1] Wu Zhihui Li Jingmei

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地东北师范大学农村教育研究所,长春130024 [2]东北师范大学教育学部,长春130024

出　　处：《教育研究》2016年第9期19-31,共13页Educational Research

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目“城镇化背景下我国义务教育改革和发展机制研究”(项目编号:13JZD043)的研究成果

摘　　要：保障农民工随迁子女平等就学升学权利,是推进新型城镇化和实现社会公平正义的内在要求。农民工携带子女进城的总体态势呈现三大特征:农民工子女随迁率低,但呈不断增长态势,未来城镇潜在就学升学压力巨大;特大以上城市农民工子女携带率低,大中小城市携带率高,教育洼地效应明显;第三产业农民工子女携带率高,第二产业携带率低,产业转移带动子女困难。从根本上解决农民工随迁子女在城市接受义务教育所面临的就读公校难、教育花费高、参加中考难及学习适应难等问题,须建立城市学位预报预警系统,引导农民工有序携带子女流动;扩大城市公办学校学位供给,缓解流入地政府教育财政压力;政府购买民办学校教育服务,切实减轻农民工家庭教育负担;改革随迁子女中考服务政策,探索随迁子女针对性补偿教育。It＇s inherent requirements of the new urbanization and social fairness and justice to guarantee the equal rights for migrant children of off-farm workers to receive compulsory education in cities. There are three characteristics on the general situation that off-farm workers bring their children into cities：firstly, the migration rate of children of off-farm workers is low, but shows a growing trend, and cities and towns will face great pressure to provide education for children of off-farm workers in the future; secondly, the carrying rate of off-farm workers＂ children is lower in cities with the population of more than 5 million but higher in other cities, and the lowland effect of education is obvious ; thirdly, the carrying rate of off-farm workers＂ children is higher for those that engaged in the third industry than in the second industry, so it is difficult to drive off-farm workers＂ Children out by industrial transfer. The study also finds four main difficulties that migrant children encounter in cities： difficult to access public schools, expensive for education cost, difficult to participate senior high school entrance examination, and difficult to adapt to learning in city. In order to solve these problems fundamentally, several policy recommendations are put forward, such as establishing the forecast and warning system for student capacity to guide off-farm workers to carry their children orderly, expanding the seat supply of public schools to ease the educational financial pressure on the government in the in-flowing areas, buying private school services by government to reduce the educational burden on the family of off-farm workers effectively, and reforming entrance examination for senior high schools to explore the compensatory education for the migrant children of off-farm workers.

关 键 词：新型城镇化 随迁子女 义务教育 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]