中国十二省市儿童青少年三餐及零食消费状况研究  

Meal and snack consumption among Chinese children and adolescents in twelve provinces

作　　者：杜文雯[1] 王惠君[1] 王丹彤 苏畅[1] 张伋[1] 欧阳一非[1] 贾小芳[1] 黄绯绯[1] 张兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所,北京100050 [2]雀巢研究中心

出　　处：《卫生研究》2016年第6期876-881,905,共7页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：中国疾病预防控制中心和美国北卡罗莱纳大学人口中心合作项目"中国健康与营养调查"(No.R01-HD30880;DK056350;R01-HD38700);雀巢少年儿童营养健康调查合作项目

摘　　要：目的了解中国儿童青少年三餐及零食消费状况及对膳食营养素摄入的贡献。方法采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样方法,选取参加2011年＂中国健康与营养调查＂数据中的4~17岁儿童青少年为研究对象,共纳入1905人。利用入户3天24 h膳食回顾调查和家庭调味品称重的方法,结合《中国食物成分表》计算每日膳食营养素摄入。将三餐分为早餐、中餐和晚餐,零食分为上午零食、下午零食和晚上零食,对儿童青少年不同餐次的分布情况、三餐及零食提供的能量和主要宏量营养素占全天整体摄入的比例、以及不同制作来源的食物在不同餐次中的能量构成比分布情况,进行分年龄组的描述性分析。结果儿童青少年三餐的就餐情况较为规律,零食消费率高达65%~76%。三餐食物（不含烹调油）提供的能量、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物占各自总摄入量的比例分别为71%~76%、88%~92%、50%~53%、83%~89%;三餐中以家庭制作（包括生吃）食物为主,但是餐馆加工食物和其他加工食品提供的能量占三餐摄入能量的比例也分别高达14.0%~20.5%和14.5%~19.2%。零食对于儿童青少年来说,以提供碳水化合物为主,蛋白质贡献较小,对小年龄儿童的膳食影响大于高年龄儿童青少年;零食消费以其他加工食品为主,提供的能量占所有零食能量的40.6%~47.7%。结论应加强营养教育,鼓励儿童青少年规律食用正餐,尽量选择新鲜、低能量、低盐、低脂的零食。Objective To study meal and snack consumption and their contribution to daily dietary energy and macronutrients intakes among Chinese children and adolescents.Methods Children and adolescents aged 4-17 years old（ n = 1905） from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey were included by the cluster random sampling method.Three consecutive 24 h recalls and household condiment weighing were used to estimate dietary intakes.Energy and nutrients were calculated based on the most recent China Food Composition Table.Eating occasions were divided into meals（ breakfast,lunch and dinner） and snacks（ morning snack,afternoon snack and evening snack）.Descriptive analysis for four age categories（ 4-6 y,7-10 y,11-13 y and 14-17 y） was conducted to study the frequency,energy and macronutrient contribution,and sources of foods during each eating occasion.Results Most children and adolescents consumed regular meals,while the snacks consumption rate was 65%-76%.Meals（ excluding cooking oil） provided 71%-76% of total energy,88%-92% of protein,50%-53%of total fat,and 83%-89% of carbohydrate daily intake.Homemade foods（ including raw foods） provided the majority of foods in meals,while restaurant made foods and processed foods provided 14.0% to 20.5% and 14.5% to 19.2% of total energy from meals,respectively.Snacks typically provided disproportionally more carbohydrate and less protein for children and adolescents,and had more impact on the diets of younger children than the older ones.In contrast to meals,processed foods were highly consumed as snacks in children and adolescents,providing 40.6% to 47.7% of total daily energy.Conclusion Nutrition education campaigns should encourage children and adolescents to have regular meals and choose fresh,low-energy,low-salt,and low-fat snacks.

关 键 词：儿童 青少年 三餐 零食 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R155.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]