中国十二省市社区城市化水平和家庭收入对儿童青少年早餐行为的影响  

The impact of community urbanization and household income on breakfast behaviors among Chinese children and adolescents in twelve provinces

作　　者：苏畅[1] 王惠君[1] 王丹彤 杜文雯[1] 张伋[1] 欧阳一非[1] 贾小芳[1] 黄绯绯[1] 张兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所,北京100050 [2]雀巢研究中心

出　　处：《卫生研究》2016年第6期882-887,共6页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：中国疾病预防控制中心和美国北卡罗莱纳大学人口中心合作项目"中国健康与营养调查"(No.R01-HD30880;DK056350;R01-HD38700);雀巢少年儿童营养健康调查合作项目

摘　　要：目的了解中国十二省市儿童青少年早餐行为情况。方法采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样方法,选取参加2011年第九轮＂中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）＂并有完整个人信息的4~17岁儿童青少年作为研究对象,共纳入1984人,分析调查对象的早餐就餐情况、就餐地点、食物制作地点、制作方法、食物选择种类以及膳食结构。结果 4~17岁儿童青少年吃早餐的人群比例为96.9%;早餐就餐地点以及早餐食物制作地点选择在家的人群比例分别为82.8%和73.0%;早餐食物制作方式选择为煮以及早餐食物选择谷类的人群比例分别为81.7%和84.1%;早餐膳食结构主要为以谷类食物及蔬菜水果等为主的植物类食物,以奶类及奶制品和肉、蛋类为主的动物类食物,以方便食品为主的零食食物为主的3种膳食模式。高城市化水平社区和高收入水平家庭儿童青少年的早餐在外就餐人群比例（22.7%,19.1%）,早餐中食用奶类及奶制品、豆类及其制品（40.7%,38.9%）以及肉、蛋类（47.4%,42.0%）的人群比例更高（P〈0.001）,而低城市化水平社区和低收入水平家庭的儿童青少年在家吃早餐（91.2%,86.4%）、早餐食用谷类食物（97.8%,94.5%）及蔬菜水果类食物（41.5%,32.0%）的人群比例更高（P〈0.001）。结论中国十二省4~17岁儿童青少年早餐行为存在一些不合理方面,社区城市化水平和家庭收入影响4~17岁儿童青少年早餐行为,应提供有针对性的营养干预,促进儿童青少年的身体健康。Objective To evaluate breakfast behaviors among children and adolescents in 12 provinces of China.Methods A multistage,stratified,sampling design was used and the participants who were 4-17 years old and had completed personal information data during the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey（ CHNS） were included.Breakfast prevalence,eating location,food preparation location,preparationmethod,food variety,and dietary structure were analyzed.Results Nearly all children and adolescents reported having breakfast（ 96.9%）.The proportions of children and adolescents who had home-made breakfast and ate breakfast at home were 73.0% and82.8%,respectively.Boiling was the most frequently used cooking method（ 81.7%）and grain was the most popular food choice（ 84.1%）.Three breakfast patterns were identified： cereal,vegetables and fruits（ mostly plant origin）,dairy,meat and eggs（ mostly animal origin） and convenient foods（ mostly snack foods）.The proportions of children and adolescents who ate breakfast and chose milk,bean,meat and egg as breakfast were higher in high-level urbanization community（ 22.7% 、40.7% and 47.4%）and high-income family（ 19.1% 、38.9% and 42.0%）.However,the proportions of children and adolescents who ate breakfast at home and chose cereal,vegetable,and fruits as breakfast were higher in low-level urbanization community（ 86.4% 、94.5% and32.0%） and low-income family（ 91.2% 、97.8% and 41.5%）.Conclusion Unhealthy breakfast habits exist among 4-17 years old in 12 provinces of China.The level of community urbanization and household income have influence on breakfast behaviors.Targeted nutritional interventions are needed to improve the nutritional quality of breakfast for better health of Chinese children and adolescents.

关 键 词：儿童 青少年 早餐行为 社区城市化水平 家庭收入 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]