干旱胁迫对小麦不同品种胚乳淀粉结构和理化特性的影响  

Effects of Drought Stress on Wheat Endosperm Starch Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Different Varieties

作　　者：宋霄君 张敏[1] 武雪萍[2] 赵城[1] 石剑[1] 张玉春[1] 刘希伟[1] 蔡瑞国[1] SONG XiaoJun ZHANG Min WU XuePing ZHAO Cheng SHI Jian ZHANG YuChun LIU XiWei CAI RuiGuo(Life Science and Technology Institute, Hebei Normal University of Science ＆ Technology, Changli 066600, Hebei Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]河北科技师范学院生命科技学院,河北昌黎066600 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2017年第2期260-271,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31201157);河北省自然科学基金(C2015407061);河北省教育厅优秀青年基金(Y2012032);国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD22B03);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD300804)

摘　　要：【目的】全面了解干旱胁迫对小麦不同品种胚乳淀粉组成、粒度分布、糊化特性以及晶体特性的影响,揭示小麦淀粉结构与理化特性的内在关系。【方法】2013—2015年度以小麦品种京冬8(JD8)、河农825(HN825)、冀麦585(JM585)、农大211(ND211)为试验材料,设节水灌溉(W)和旱作(D)2种处理,研究干旱胁迫对小麦胚乳淀粉结构及其理化特性的影响。【结果】干旱胁迫显著抑制了小麦胚乳淀粉的积累,但对小麦淀粉直/支比的影响不显著。小麦胚乳淀粉粒体积、表面积和数目分布均呈双峰曲线变化,干旱胁迫对淀粉粒粒度分布的影响因基因型和粒径大小的不同而存在差异,其中对粒径<5μm淀粉粒的表面积、数目分布影响最大。干旱胁迫未改变小麦胚乳淀粉的晶体类型,但显著提高了小麦淀粉的结晶度,对小麦淀粉X-衍射图谱中各尖峰强度的影响因品种和衍射角的不同而存在差异。干旱胁迫显著提高了小麦淀粉的低谷黏度和糊化温度,延长了糊化时间,但显著降低了小麦淀粉的峰值黏度和稀懈值,对终结黏度和回生值的影响存在基因型差异。相关分析表明,小麦胚乳淀粉结晶度与总淀粉和直链淀粉含量呈显著负相关,与支链淀粉呈显著正相关。总淀粉含量与峰值黏度呈显著正相关。直链淀粉含量与峰值黏度和稀懈值呈显著正相关,与糊化温度呈显著负相关。支链淀粉含量与糊化特性的相关性不显著,而淀粉直/支比仅与糊化时间呈显著负相关。小麦胚乳淀粉中粒径<5μm和<10μm的淀粉粒体积百分比与终结黏度和回生值均分别呈显著、极显著负相关,而粒径>15μm的淀粉粒与终结黏度和回生值均呈显著正相关。小麦淀粉粒体积分布与结晶度的相关性不显著。小麦淀粉糊化峰值黏度和稀懈值与结晶度分别呈极显著和显著负相关,而糊化温度与结晶度呈显著正相关。【结论】干旱胁迫�【Objective】The objective of this experiment is to study the effects of drought stress on the composition, granule size distribution, pasting properties and crystal properties of wheat endosperm of different varieties, and reveal the intrinsic relationship between the structure and physicochemical properties of wheat starch. 【Method】The wheat cultivars Jingdong8（JD8）, Henong825（HN825）, Jimai585（JM585） and Nongda211（ND211） were used as the test materials, and irrigated and rainfed treatments were designed in research of the effects of drought stress on wheat endosperm starch structure and physicochemical properties. 【Result】Drought stress significantly inhibited the accumulation of starch in wheat endosperm, but it had no significant effect on the Am/Ap ratio of wheat starch. The granule volume, surface area and number distribution of wheat endosperm showed a bimodal curve. The effect of drought stress on starch grain size distribution of wheat endosperm was different due to the difference of genotype and grain size, in which it had a great influence on the surface area and the number distribution of starch granule size 〈5 μm. Drought stress didn’t change the crystal type of wheat endosperm starch, but significantly increased the crystallinity of starch, and the effects of drought stress on intensity of X-ray diffraction peak were different due to different cultivars and diffraction angles. Drought stress significantly increased trough viscosity and pasting temperature of starch, prolonged the pasting time, while significantly reduced the peak viscosity and breakdown, and there was a genotypic difference in final viscosity and setback. Correlation analysis showed a that the wheat endosperm starch crystallinity showed significant negative correlation with total starch and Am content, and a significant positive correlation with Ap content. The total starch content showed a significant positive correlation with peak viscosity. The Am content showed a significant positive correlation wi

关 键 词：小麦 淀粉 干旱胁迫 淀粉结构 晶体特性 糊化特性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]