“礼之用,和为贵”是维护纲常礼教的理论命题——以朱熹的专制主义和谐观为典型例证  

“In the Application of the Rites,Harmony Is to be Prized” as A Theoretical Predication to Uphold the Three Cardinal Guides and the Fire Virtues and Ethical Godes——Taking Zhu Xi's Doctrine on Authoritative Harmony as An Example

作　　者：张分田[1] ZHANG Fentian

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院

出　　处：《天津师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第1期14-20,共7页Journal of Tianjin Normal University(Social Science)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(NKZXB1407)

摘　　要：朱熹以四书为核心经典,以天理为最高范畴,以纲常为核心内容,以中和为理想境域,论证礼与各种范畴的共同属性及内在联系。他从礼为和之节,和为礼之用;礼与天理、仁义、纲常异名同实;礼为各种治道的总称和总则等角度,对儒典的礼乐中和之治作了必要性辩护、可行性论证和理想化描述。他掩盖了一个事实,即儒者之礼乐中,和有其阴毒、冷酷、血腥的一面,却又道出了一个事实,即恪守纲常伦理是要吃苦头的。事实表明,"礼之用,和为贵"是维护纲常礼教的理论命题,堪称专制主义和谐观。中国学术界必须积极探索弘扬中华优秀传统的正确途径,避免"弘扬中国优秀传统文化"这个正确的方针被盲目"弘扬传统文化""弘扬国学""弘扬儒学"的学者们糟蹋。Zhu Xi argues the common properties and original connections of rite and all categories,taking The Four Books as core classics,Tian-li（heavenly principles）as the highestcategory,＂the three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues＂ as core elements,and Zhong-he（neutralization）as ideal boundaries. Rite is the restriction of harmony and harmony is the actual practice of rite; Rite,Tian-li,Renyi（benevolence and righteousness）and ＂three cardinal guides and five constant virtues＂ have identical reality but with different names,and rite is a general term and a general principle for the Dao of governance. According to these circumstances,ZHU Xi argues,verifies and describes the necessity,feasibility and ideality of rite,music and Zhong-he in the Confucian Classics. Zhu Xi masks the fact that rite, music and Zhong-he are vicious,merciless and sanguinary while another fact comes along—upholding means suffering for it. It shows that,＂In the application of the rites,harmony is to be prized＂ as a theoretical predication with the three cardinal guides and the five virtues and ethical codes is the doctrine on authoritative harmony. Chinese academic circle must keep exploring an effective approach on carrying forward Chinese outstanding traditional culture,avoiding being misunderstood blindly by those who promote＂Chinese traditional culture＂,cultivate ＂traditional Chinese phylosophy＂and expand ＂the Confucianism＂.

关 键 词：朱熹 礼 和 纲常礼教 儒家经典 专制主义和谐观 

分 类 号：B244.7[哲学宗教—中国哲学]