中职生心理健康现状的调查分析与教育策略  

A Study of Secondary Vocational School Students' Mental Health State and its Countermeasures

作　　者：何永东[1] 任家树 卫萍[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽电气工程学校体育教研室,合肥230031 [2]合肥学院教育系,合肥230601

出　　处：《合肥学院学报（综合版）》2017年第1期137-144,共8页Journal of Hefei University：Comprehensive ED

基　　金：安徽省教育科学规划课题(JG13003);安徽省高校人文社科研究重点项目(SK2015A477)的研究成果

摘　　要：为了解中职生的心理健康状况及相关因素,本研究采用心理症状自评量表SCL-90、领悟社会支持量表和一般自我效能感量表,调查了合肥市3所中等职业学校的1,287名中职生。发现:(1)中职生总体心理健康水平较低,除躯体化外,其他因子得分均高于全国常模;(2)女生的心理健康水平低于男生,女生社会支持得分低于男生;(3)来自农村的中职生心理健康水平低于来自城镇的中职生,其社会支持得分和自我效能感得分均低于来自城镇的中职生;(4)非独生子女中职生的心理健康水平显著低于独生子女中职生,其社会支持得分和自我效能感得分均低于独生子女中职生;(5)不同年级中职生在心理健康水平、社会支持及自我效能感上,均存在着显著的差异,一年级的心理健康水平较低,其社会支持与自我效能感得分均较低;(6)中职生的心理健康状况与领悟社会支持以及一般自我效能感均呈现出显著的负相关。其中,家庭支持和一般自我效能感对中职生心理健康问题有显著的反向预测作用。最后提出了教育策略。In order to learn the secondary vocational school students＇ mental health state with its relative factors, this paper has adopted Psychological Symptoms Self-evaluation Scale SCL-90, Perception of Social Support Scale as well as General Self-Efficacy Scale to investigate 1287 students in three secondary vocational schools of Hefei. A conclusion can be drawn ： the mental health of those students is rather low generally with all the factors higher than the national norm except the somzatization one; girl students＇ mental health state is lower than boy ones＇ with their social support scores lower than the boy ones＇ ; the state of students from the countryside is lower than that of urban ones with their social support and self-efficacy scores lower than those of the urban students; non-only-child students＇ mental health state is lower than those only-child ones＇ with their social support and self-efficacy scores lower than those of only-child ones; students of different grades are differentiated in aspects of mental health state, social support and self-efficacy; their mental health is negative correlated with perception of social support and self-efficacy ; family support and general self-efficacy can play the role of backward prediction for those students＇ mental health. Finally, it suggests countermeasures.

关 键 词：中职生 心理健康 自我效能感 社会支持 调查 策略 

分 类 号：G4-44[文化科学—教育学]