计算机科学教育:人人享有的机会——美国《K-12计算机科学框架》的特点与启示  

Computer Science Education: An Opportunity for All——The Characteristics and Enlightenment of American K-12 Computer Science Framework

作　　者：卢蓓蓉[1] 尹佳[1] 高守林 金凯[1] 廖媛[1] 任友群[2] LU Beirong YIN Jia GAO Shoulin JIN Kai LIAO Yuan REN Youqun(Department of Education Information Technology, Facuhy of Education East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062 Institute of Curriculum and Instruction, Faculty of Education East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学部教育信息技术学系,上海200062 [2]华东师范大学教育学部课程与教学研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《电化教育研究》2017年第3期12-17,共6页E-education Research

基　　金：上海高校"立德树人"人文社会科学重点研究基地--上海市信息科技教育教学研究基地(项目编号:3000-412221-16054)

摘　　要：《K-12计算机科学框架》提出了新时期美国K-12计算机科学教育的发展愿景及实现路径,明确了计算系统、网络和互联网、数据和分析、算法和编程、计算的影响等五大核心概念,提出了创建全纳的计算文化、通过计算开展合作、识别和定义计算问题、发展和使用抽象思考、创造计算产品、测试和改善计算产品、计算的沟通等七大核心实践,提出了计算机科学和学前教育重要理念的整合途径。推进我国计算机科学教育,应提高中小学计算机科学课程地位,在学前教育中恰当引入计算机科学教育,注重中小学计算机科学课程的系统性与实践性,强调重视计算机科学教育研究及其成果运用。In the new era, K-12 Computer Science Framework puts forward a developmental vision of K-12 computer science education in America and ways of implementation. It clarifies five core concepts, suggests seven core practices and provides approaches to integrate computer science with important preschool education theories. The five core concepts include computing systems, networks and the internet, data and analysis, algorithms and programming, and impacts of computing, and the core practices are fostering an inclusive computing culture, collaborating around computing, recognizing and defining computational problems, developing and using abstractions, creating computational artifacts, testing and refining computational artifacts, communicating about computing. In China, in order to promote computer science education, measures should be taken to improve the position of K-12 computer science curriculum and introduce it into preschool education appropriately. Besides, we should make the computer science curriculum systematic and practical in primary and secondary schools, and emphasize its research and application.

关 键 词：计算机科学教育 K-12 美国 计算思维 学前教育 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]