流动儿童同伴侵害的特点及与内化问题的循环作用关系:一项追踪研究  

Characteristics of peer victimization and the bidirectional relationship between peer victimization and internalizing problems among rural-to-urban migrant children in China: A longitudinal study

作　　者：郭海英[1] 陈丽华[1] 叶枝[1] 潘瑾[1,2] 林丹华[1,3] GUO Haiying CHEN Lihua YE Zhi PAN Jin LIN Danhua(Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China Ximazhuang Primary School, Beijing 101100, China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学发展心理研究所,北京100875 [2]北京市通州区永顺镇西马庄小学,北京101100 [3]北京师范大学心理学院,北京100875

出　　处：《心理学报》2017年第3期336-348,共13页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(15ZDB138);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助项目资助

摘　　要：本研究采用纵向设计,以北京市426名四、五年级流动儿童为被试,进行连续4次的追踪测查,考察流动儿童同伴侵害的特点及其与内化问题的动态相互作用关系。结果发现:(1)打工子弟学校流动儿童的同伴侵害与内化问题水平比公立学校流动儿童高;流动儿童的流动性越大,同伴侵害和内化问题越多。(2)控制了性别、年级、家庭社会经济地位(SES)和流动性后,从T1到T2,同伴侵害与孤独感为相互作用关系,且同伴侵害可以显著预测抑郁,但对社交焦虑的预测作用不显著,而从T2到T4,同伴侵害和3种内化问题的相互作用模式完全一致,即T2时的社交焦虑、抑郁和孤独感显著预测T3的同伴侵害,进而显著预测T4的社交焦虑、抑郁和孤独感。(3)抑郁、孤独感与同伴侵害的循环作用在两类流动儿童中具有较强的稳定性,而在社交焦虑和同伴侵害的模型中,打工子弟学校流动儿童的同伴侵害对社交焦虑的作用比公立学校流动儿童更大。可见,同伴侵害和内化问题呈循环作用关系,未来预防/干预研究可以聚焦于减少流动儿童的同伴侵害或内化问题的角度打破二者的恶性循环,帮助他们建立良好的人际关系,构建良性循环,促进他们的积极发展。China＇s rapid urbanization has led to unprecedented growth of rural-to-urban migrant children. Although previous studies have shown that migrant children report more peer victimization and internalizing problems, limited studies have yet examined associations between peer victimization and internalizing problems, as well as the direction of these relationships. Therefore, the current longitudinal study aimed to explore characteristics of peer victimization and associations between peer victimization and internalizing problems over a two-year period. A sample of 426 rural-to-urban migrant children was recruited from one migrant children＇s primary school （n = 185） and two public primary schools （n = 241） in Beijing, China. Of the 426 participants, 157 （36.9%） were girls and 269 （63.1%） were boys. The sample showed moderate attrition over a two-year period, with 281 （66.0%） participants completing all surveys during the four waves of assessment. Quantitative surveys were administered to participants in October of 2011 （Wave 1）, June of 2012 （Wave 2）, October of 2012 （Wave 3）, and June of 2013 （Wave 4）. At each wave, participants completed a self-administered questionnaire that requested information on demographic variables, experiences of various types of peer victimization （i.e., physical, verbal, relational, property）, and internalizing problems （i.e., social anxiety, depression, loneliness）. Results indicated high prevalence of perceived peer victimization, with participants reporting the prevalence of the four types of peer victimization （i.e., physical, verbal, relational, property） to be 76.5%, 77.8%, 71.4%, and 63.2%, respectively. Boys reported experiencing more physical victimization than girls, and migrant children who moved more often reported experiencing more peer victimization and greater internalizing problems. Migrant children enrolled in public schools reported less peer victimization and fewer internalizing problems than their counterparts enrolle

关 键 词：流动儿童 同伴侵害 内化问题 追踪研究 循环作用关系 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]