某高校205名预防医学专业学生膳食营养状况调查  

Investigation on dietary structure and nutritional status of 205 preventive medicine students in a medical university

作　　者：许莎莎[1] 徐芳[1] 张雪辉[1] 周艳娇[1] 

机构地区：[1]昆明医科大学,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《卫生软科学》2017年第4期60-64,共5页Soft Science of Health

摘　　要：[目的]了解某高校205名预防医学专业大学生膳食营养状况,发现存在的问题,为大学生的平衡膳食、合理营养提供科学依据。[方法]整群抽样方法抽取预防医学专业2009级和2010级205名大学生,采用24 h膳食回顾法进行调查,依据中国营养学会2013年修订的《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》标准(DRIs)和中国营养学会2007年制定的《中国居民膳食指南》进行评价。[结果]预防医学专业大学生膳食结构存在一些不合理,主要以谷类为主,禽畜肉类摄入较多,而鱼虾类、奶类、蔬菜类摄入量未达到推荐量;热能、视黄醇当量、钙的摄入量偏低;2009级学生维生素B1、维生素B2的摄入量偏低,2010级学生除热能、钙、视黄醇当量摄入量未达到推荐量外,其余均达到推荐量,两个年级各营养素摄入量比较差别无统计学意义;男、女生的早餐热能摄入量偏低,晚餐偏高,男、女生三大热能营养素供能百分比之间差异无统计学意义;205名大学生钙磷比例失衡。[结论]该高校预防医学专业学生的膳食结构存在较多问题,且三餐热能分配不合理,建议增加鱼虾类、奶类、水果类食物的摄入,减少禽畜肉类的摄入量,增加早餐的能量摄入,减少晚餐能量,并加强对学生平衡膳食、合理营养的科学指导。Objective To know the dietary nutritional status of 205 preventive medicine students in a university, it can make us find the existed problems so as to provide scientific evidence for students＇ balanced diet and rational nutrition. Methods It selected 205 students by cluster sampiing method, investigated by 24h dietary retrospect method. Evaluated according to DRIs （Chinese Dietary Reference Intake, 2013 ） and ＂Chinese Residents Dietary Guide Lines, 2007＂ . Results The dietary structure of preventive medicine students existed unreasonable. Their main intake was grain food and poultry meat, but fish, shrimp, dairy and vegetable were lower that the standard. Their energy, retinal equivalents and calcium were lower than the standard too. The vitaminB1, vitaminB2 intake of 2009 grade students was low, 2010 grade students in addition to energy, calcium and retinal equivalents intake did not met the recommendation nutrient intake, the rest was all up to the recommendation nutrient intake. The difference had not statistical significance of nutrient intake between this two grades （ P 〉 0. 05 ） . The quantity of heat assignment configuration for boys and girls were out of balance, the energy intakes of breakfast was lower than the dietary reference intakes, but the dinner＇s was higher. The difference had not statistical significance of three heat energy nutrient supply percentage between schoolboy and school- girl （ P 〉 0. 05 ） . The ratio of calcium and phosphorus intake was unbalance. Conclusions The dietary structure and nutritional status of preventive medicine students in this medical university existed much problem. Heat energy distribution was not unreseanable. They should add the intakes of fish, shrimp, dairy and fruits, and reduce the poultry meat intake, add the proportion of energy for breakfast, and reduce the proportion of energy for dinner. Scientific guidance for the students on balanced diet and reasonable nutrition should also be provided.

关 键 词：膳食调查 营养状况 大学生 

分 类 号：R153.9[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]