微碱条件生物酶法提取大鲵肝脏油脂及其脂肪酸组成分析  

Extraction of Andrias davidianus liver oil by micro alkali enzymatic hydrolysis and analysis of its fatty acid composition

作　　者：胡代花[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西理工大学维生素D生理与应用研究所/大鲵研究所,陕西汉中723000 [2]西北农林科技大学食品科学与工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国油脂》2017年第4期113-117,共5页China Oils and Fats

基　　金：陕西理工大学博士后科研专项项目(SLGBH16-04);陕西省自然科学基金项目(2014JQ2083)

摘　　要：以大鲵肝脏为原料,采用微碱条件生物酶法提取大鲵肝脏油脂。通过单因素试验及正交试验,研究了p H、料液比、加酶量、酶解时间、酶解温度对提取率的影响,确定了大鲵肝脏油脂提取的最佳工艺参数,并用气相色谱对其脂肪酸组成进行分析。结果表明:大鲵肝脏油脂的最佳提取条件为酶解时间3 h、碱性蛋白酶加酶量1 500 U/g、料液比1∶2、p H 7、酶解温度30℃,在该工艺条件下大鲵肝脏油脂的提取率为81.67%;大鲵肝脏油脂中主要含12种脂肪酸,分别为C18∶1 24.51%、C16∶0 21.74%、C16∶1 13.02%、C18∶3(ω-6)12.61%、C18∶2 6.18%、C18∶3(ω-3)4.04%、C22∶63.51%、C22∶0 3.45%、C14∶0 2.97%、C20∶4 2.83%、C24∶0 2.65%、C18∶0 2.48%,其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)占33.29%,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)占66.70%,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)占37.53%,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)占29.17%,具有保健功能作用的ω-6型PUFA为21.62%,ω-3型PUFA为7.55%。研究表明大鲵肝脏具有较高的营养价值和脂质开发潜力。The Andrias davidianus liver oil was extracted by the method of micro alkali enzymatic hydroly- sis from Andrias davidianus liver. The effects of pH, ratio of material to liquid, dosage of enzyme, enzy- matic hydrolysis time and enzymatic hydrolysis temperature were discussed and the optimal parameters were obtained by single - factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. In addition, the fatty acid compo- sition of the oil was analyzed by gas chromatography. The results indicated that the optimal extraction conditions of Andrias davidianus liver oil were obtained as follows： enzymatic hydrolysis time 3 h, dosage of alkaline protease 1 500 U/g, ratio of material to liquid 1 ： 2, pH 7 and enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 30 ℃. Under these conditions, the extraction rate was 81.67%. There were totally twelve kinds of fatty acids in Andrias davidianus liver oil with their contents as follows： C18 ： 1 24.51%, C16 ： 0 21.74%, C16：1 13.02%, C18：3（ω-6） 12.61%, C18：2 6.18%, C18：3（ω-3） 4.04%, C22：6 3.51%, C22：0 3.45%, C14：0 2.97%, C20：4 2.83%, C24：0 2.65%, C18：0 2.48%. And there were 33.29% of saturated fatty acids （SFA）, 66.70% of unsaturated fatty aeids（UFA）, 37.53% of monounsaturated fatty acids （MUFA）, and 29.17% of polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA）,and the contents of ω-6 PUFA and ω-3 PUFA were 21.62% and 7.55% respectively. The research indicated that the Andrias davidianus liver had a high nutritional valve and considerable potential for lipid exploitation.

关 键 词：大鲵肝脏 油脂 生物酶法 碱性蛋白酶 脂肪酸组成 

分 类 号：TQ644.3[化学工程—精细化工]