微生物同步利用葡萄糖和木糖代谢工程概述  

Overview of metabolic engineering on simultaneous utilization of glucose and xylose by microbes

作　　者：李燕军[1,2,3] 赵岩[1,2,3] 黄龙辉[1,2,3] 李娟[1,2,3] 谢希贤[1,2,3] 陈宁[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]代谢控制发酵技术国家地方联合工程实验室,天津300457 [2]天津市氨基酸高效绿色制造工程实验室,天津300457 [3]天津科技大学生物工程学院,天津300457

出　　处：《发酵科技通讯》2017年第1期54-59,共6页Bulletin of Fermentation Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目(31500026);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2016M601269)

摘　　要：现阶段,随着资源枯竭和环境污染问题的日益突出,利用农业废弃物等木质纤维素原料发酵生产生物产品、生物能源和生物材料已经成为学术界和社会的共识.微生物同步利用葡萄糖和木糖是木质纤维素生物炼制的重要内容,同时也有利于提高芳香族氨基酸等产品的发酵性能.然而,由于碳分解代谢物阻遏(葡萄糖效应)的存在,大多数微生物并不具备这种特性,迫切需要采用代谢工程手段构建高效同步利用葡萄糖和木糖的菌株.首先对微生物同步利用葡萄糖和木糖的意义进行了说明,然后阐述了氨基酸和核苷生产菌大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和谷氨酸棒杆菌葡萄糖效应的分子机制和破除策略,同时介绍了一些能够同步代谢葡萄糖和木糖的工程菌株的实际应用.At present, as the resource exhaustion and environment pollution problems become more and more serious, the production of bioproducts including biofules and biomaterials from agricultural waste and other lignocellulosic feedstocks has attracted a great deal of attention. The microbial co-utilization of glucose and xylose is essential in lignocellulose biorefinery, and meanwhile is beneficial in improving fermentation performance for aromatic amino acids. Nevertheless, because of the existence of carbon catabolite repression （glucose effect）, most microbes don＇t have this ability. Therefore, it is urgent to construct strains that simultaneously use glucose and xylose by metabolic engineering technologies. In this study, the significance of simultaneous utilization of glucose and xylose by microbes was stated, as well as the mechanisms of glucose effect and its break-down methods in amino acids and nucleotides producing strains such as Esherichai coli , Bacillus subtilis , and Corynebacterium glutamicum were elaborated. In addition, the applications of glucose and xylose co-metabolizing strains were introduced.

关 键 词：木糖 氨基酸 大肠杆菌 枯草芽孢杆菌 谷氨酸棒杆菌 碳分解代谢物阻遏 

分 类 号：Q591[生物学—生物化学]