人的身体和人的尊严——再谈生命伦理学视域中的身体  

Human Body and Human Dignity:On the Body from Bioethics Perspective

作　　者：程新宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学哲学系,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2017年第3期24-30,共7页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(2015AA027);国家社科基金重大项目(12&ZD126);国家社科基金一般项目(12BZX081)

摘　　要：当代医学和生命科学技术对人的身体的干预正日益广泛和深入,但其道德合理性却不断受到怀疑和抨击,与此有关的争论常常牵涉人的尊严。也就是说,有人认为其中许多做法有损人的尊严,另有人却持相反的观点。当代生命科学技术对人的身体的干预是否损害人的尊严不但与人们对尊严的理解有关,而且与人们对身体的定位有关。在哲学史上,关于人的身体的定位,历来有身心二元论和身体一元论两条路线。从不同的身体观出发来观照生命科学技术对人的身体的干预行为,如人工辅助生殖、人工流产、安乐死、人类基因增强、人类克隆等,就会有不同的道德评价。一般而言,身心二元论者对于各种干预身体的行为多持积极乐观的态度,而身体一元论者则更谨慎悲观。然而,对于解释人的尊严而言,以上两条路线都有其局限性,如果走到极端都会走向其反面,导致对身体的操控和消费。从人格同一性角度来看身心关系和人的尊严,则会发现:人的尊严不但关涉身体和心灵两个维度,而且牵涉人的历史和未来,涉及人的解构和重构。其中有些因素是身心二元论和身体一元论所未及考虑的,但这却是考察生命伦理与人的尊严问题的一个有益的视角。The increasingly extensive and in -depth intervention to human body from modem medicine and bio - technology are under constant suspicion and attack as to its ethical rationalility. One of the key issues of those de- bates is related to human dignity. That is to say, some people think that many practices depreciate human dignity, but others have just the opposite opinion. Whether the intervention to human body depreciates human dignity is not only related to how to explicate human dignity, but also related to how to define human body. In philosophical history,there are two kinds of body theories：One is mind - body dualism and the other is body monism. To explore the ethical issues originating from those interventions to human body, such as assisted reproduction, abortion, euthanasi- a, genetic enhancement, human cloning, etc. , different insight into the results will be developed from these two kinds of different body theories. Generally speaking, mind - body dualists are positive or optimistic about those intervention actions, but body monists are prudent or pessimistic. However, neither mind - body dualism nor body monism can re- solve those arguments mentioned above. On the contrary, the extremes of these two kinds of doctrines of body may head for manipulating or consuming human body. Based on examining the relationship among body, mind and human dignity from personal identity theory ,we can find that human dignity is not only related to human body and mind, but also related to human history and future, and human deconstruetion and reconstruction as well. Some factors of personal identity theory exceed mind - body dualism and body monism theories. Personal identity theory is helpful for resolving those issues involved in bioethics and human dignity.

关 键 词：身体 身心二元论 身体一元论 人格同一性 尊严 

分 类 号：B82-06[哲学宗教—伦理学]