道路环境黑碳变化特征及影响因素  

Concentration variations and influencing factors of black carbon in road environment

作　　者：田灵娣 樊守彬[2,3] 郭津津[1,2] 张东旭[2,3] 孙改红 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048 [2]北京市环境保护科学研究院,北京100037 [3]国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京100037

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2017年第5期2858-2864,共7页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研项目(201409004);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAC17B03)

摘　　要：为了分析道路环境黑碳浓度变化规律及影响因素,在北京APEC会议期间及前后对道路环境黑碳(BC)、NO_x及PM2.5浓度进行测量,同时调查道路车流信息及气象数据,应用相关性分析、多元线性回归模型和排放强度计算等方法分析了机动车限行和气象条件对路边BC浓度的影响。结果显示:监测期间北土城东路路边的BC平均浓度为7.44μg·m^(-3),限行期间10 d的平均浓度为4.43μg·m(-3),非限行期间21天的平均浓度为8.87μg·m(-3),机动车限行期间BC浓度下降50%。道路环境BC浓度高峰值分别出现在06:00—09:00和18:00—21:00,路边BC浓度与NO_x和PM_(2.5)浓度具有正线性相关性。限行期间总车流量下降52%,重型车辆流量变化不大,由于车流量下降和车速升高机动车尾气BC排放强度降低约15%。多元线性回归模型和情景分析结果显示限行期间气象条件和限行措施对BC浓度下降的贡献率分别为56%和30%,非限行期间如果采取限行措施可以使路边BC浓度下降34%。In order to analyze concentration variations and influencing factors of black carbon（BC） within roadway environments,BC,NO_x,and PM_（2.5） were measured at roadside sites before,during,and after the APEC conference in Beijing.Data on road traffic volumes,vehicle speeds,and vehicle types were collected at the same time that the air quality sampling took place.Then,correlation analyses,multiple linear regressions,and emission intensity calculations were used to study the influence of traffic restrictions and meteorological parameters on BC concentrations.The results showed that the BC concentration was 7.44 μg·m（-3） throughout the entire monitoring period,and values of 4.43 μg·m（-3） and 8.87 μg·m（-3） were measured during times of traffic restrictions and no traffic restrictions,respectively;thus,a 50% reduction in BC was observed during the traffic restrictions.The BC concentrations displayed an obvious bimodal structure,and the peak segments were detected at the hours of 06：00 to 09：00 and 18：00 to 21：00.The relationships between BC and both PM_（2.5） and NO_x were positive and the linear correlations were significant.While the traffic volume declined by 52%,heavy duty vehicle traffic showed little change.The emission intensity was reduced by 15% as a result of the decrease in traffic volumes,and concurrently,vehicle speeds increased.The multiple linear regression model and scenario analysis results showed that weather conditions and traffic restrictions contributed 56% and 30% to the BC concentration reduction,respectively.The BC concentrations could likely be reduced by at least 34% if traffic restrictions are carried out during typical non-restriction periods.

关 键 词：黑碳(BC) PM2.5 道路环境 影响因素 北京 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]