乐果农药对生菜叶片微观结构的作用机理研究  

Mechanism of Different Concentrations of Dimethoate Residue on Microstructure of Lettuce Leaves

作　　者：孙俊[1,2] 周鑫[1] 李青林[2] 蒋淑英[1] 毛罕平[2] 杨宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学电气信息工程学院,镇江212013 [2]江苏大学现代农业装备与技术教育部重点实验室,镇江212013

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2017年第5期350-355,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31471413);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目PAPD(苏政办发2011 6号);江苏大学现代农业装备与技术重点实验室开放基金项目(NZ201306);江苏省六大人才高峰项目(ZBZZ-019)

摘　　要：为了更深入地研究乐果对生菜组织结构的影响,以莲座期的生菜为实验对象,利用扫描电镜和透射电镜对生菜叶片微观结构进行检测。研究发现随着喷洒农药浓度的增加,生菜叶片微观结构发生明显变化。气孔的长宽比和密度降低,叶片的厚度变小,嗜锇颗粒增加,淀粉颗粒变少。在897~1 332 nm波长范围内,喷洒乐果的生菜光谱反射率与乐果浓度成反比,而在1 703~1 754 nm波长范围内,喷洒乐果的生菜光谱反射率与乐果浓度成正比。此外,喷洒不同浓度的乐果农药,生菜的纹理图像也存在差异。研究结果表明,乐果农药对生菜微观结构产生了较大改变,从而导致生菜叶片光谱图像信息产生较大变化。对喷洒不同浓度乐果农药的生菜叶片微观结构进行研究分析,可为高光谱技术对不同浓度农药残留的生菜进行定量检测提供机理研究依据。Fast identification of pesticide residue in lettuce leaves plays a key role in the test of food safety. However, there are a few studies on the mechanism of pesticide on the internal structure of lettuce. In order to further study the effects of dimethoate on lettuce microstructure, the lettuce at rosette stage was used as the experimental object. Besides, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） were used to detect the microstructure of lettuce leaves. It was found that the microstructure of the lettuce leaves was changed obviously with the increase of the concentration of dimethoate pesticides sprayed. Moreover, the ratio of length to width and density of stomata in leaves were decreased, leaf thickness was decreased, osmiophilic granules were increased and the starch granules were decreased. In the wavelength range of 897 - 1 332 nm, spraying dimethoate lettuce spectral reflectance was inversely proportional to the concentration of dimethoate. However, in the wavelength range of 1 703 - 1 754 nm, spraying dimethoate lettuce reflectance was proportional to the concentration of dimethoate. In addition, dimethoate pesticide spraying with different concentrations resulted in different textures of lettuce leaves. The results showed that dimethoate produced a huge change on lettuce microstructure, which caused great changes of the image information of lettuce leaves. Study on the microstructure of lettuce leaves sprayed with different concentrations of dimethoate pesticide provided the basis for the study on the mechanism of HSI technology to detect the different concentrations of pesticide residues in lettuce. Therefore, hyperspectral image detection technology can effectively realize the quantitative detection of pesticide residues on the surface of lettuce leaves.

关 键 词：生菜叶片 农药残留 机理 微观结构 特征提取 高光谱图像 

分 类 号：S636.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] O433.4[农业科学—园艺学]