大学生批判性思维养成的影响因素及培养策略研究  

On Influencing Factors and Cultivation Strategies of University Students' Critical Thinking

作　　者：夏欢欢[1] 钟秉林[2,3] Xia Huanhuan Zhong Binglin

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育学院 [2]北京师范大学教育学部 [3]中国教育学会

出　　处：《教育研究》2017年第5期67-76,共10页Educational Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目"中国教育资源配置理论与重大现实问题研究"(项目编号:71133002)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：探索创新人才的培养模式与途径,迫切需要对创新人才的核心要素——批判性思维进行系统的理论与实证研究。选取4所大学1 049名学生为样本,从认识论信念视角,运用统计分析方法对大学生批判性思维相关影响因素的效应研究发现,大学生批判性思维发展整体水平一般,学校、年级和自我发展阶段等个体特征显著影响大学生批判性思维的发展,批判性思维养成的主要影响因素是大学生对简单的知识、确定的知识和知识的权威的认知。建议引入多元观点,挑战大学生"标准答案"思维定势;应对知识更新的挑战,培养大学生体系化的认知能力;打破权威定势,培养大学生的自信心和独立思考能力;创设支撑性环境,助力大学生迈向更高的认知发展阶段。Theoretical and empirical researches are urgently needed in studying critical thinking which is the core element of innovative talents. On the basis of the data of 1 049 university students from 4 universities, the factors that affecting students＂ critical thinking are examined and analyzed from the view of epistemological beliefs. The results show that the overall level of college students＂ critical thinking is general. In addition, university students＂ critical thinking is affected by individual and university characteristics, including students＂ studying university, grade, and stages of self-development and so on. The main factor which affects the cultivation of university students＂ critical thinking is their recognition to simple knowledge, certainty knowledge and omniscient authority. In order to improve university students＂ critical thinking, we should introduce multiple perspectives in teaching and learning to challenge students＂ existing standardized ways of thinking, respond to the challenges of knowledge renewal to cultivate students＂ systematic cognitive ability, break authority format to encourage students to build confidence and self-awareness, and create supportive environments to help students march towards higher cognitive development stage.

关 键 词：大学生 创新人才 批判性思维 认识论信念 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学]