主体的黄昏——文艺个人主体性的消解与主体间性转向  

The Twilight of Subject:The Deconstruction of Individual Subjectivity and the Intersubjectivity Turn of Literature and Art

作　　者：金永兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系,北京100871

出　　处：《长江学术》2017年第2期75-93,共19页Yangtze River Academic

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目"中国问题与中国经验--新时期文艺理论研究"(12BZW001);国家社科基金重大委托项目"当代西方文论批判研究"(11@ZH003)

摘　　要：从文艺复兴恢复了大写的"人"开始,个体自我意识就成为西方文学及理论的主要关注点之一。这一关注最终走上了两条道路,其一是消极的关注,它是以索绪尔语言学理论为基础,以结构主义、后结构主义、解构主义等为代表的,对文本中作为写作主体的"自我"的分析剖离;其二是积极的关注,它是以文学上的浪漫主义和心理主义等为代表的对"自我"的书写。前者的问题在于将"自我"逐步消解在语言和阅读快感之中;后者的问题在于:一方面,没有看到"自我"永远不可能只是个体性的,它不可避免地要有杰姆逊和荣格等人极力强调的公共层面,另一方面,在新资本主义或后资本主义的工业社会中,文学表达的更多的是意识形态的幻象,这是"自我"的另一种消亡形式。因而,无论是从文学角度,还是从文学所依赖的政治、经济和文化环境上来讲,都亟待我们在其中重构一种"主体间性"。这种"主体间性"带来的和谐之美,有可能解决日益严重的文艺个人主体性的消解问题。As Renaissance restored Humanism, individual consciousness has become a main focus or concern of the western literature and its theories. The attention finally led to two directions. The first one is the negative, or passive attention, which is based on Saussure＇ s theory of linguistics. As representatives including structuralism, post-structuralism, deconstruction etc., this tends to analyze and split apart the ＂self＂ as the subject of writing. The second is the positive attention, which is represented by the writing on the subject of ＂self＂ by romanticism and psychologism etc. The problem of the former is that it gradually eliminates the ＂self＇ in the pleasure of language and reading. However, the problem of the latter does not find that the ＂self＂ cannot always or only be individual. It inevitably evolves ＂public＂ as what Jameson and Carl Jung always emphasized. On the other hand, in the industrial society in new capitalism or post-capitalism era, what literature tries to express is more of an ideological illusion. This is another way of extinction of ＂self＂. Therefore, ＂intersubjectivity＂ needs to be reconstructed, from the perspective of, not only literature, but also the inter dependency between literature and political, economic environment. This kind of ＂intersubjectivity＂ brings a beauty of harmony, which may possibly solve the problem of the deconstruction of individual subjectivity in literature and art.

关 键 词：个体自我 主体性 主体间性 语言革命 象征寓言 意识形态幻象 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论]