4~6岁幼儿对口语和文字信息的信任及运用  

Trust and subsequent use of oral and print information for 4～6 year-old children

作　　者：刘宝根[1] 李菲菲[1] 李瑞琴[1] 姜卉 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学杭州幼儿师范学院,杭州310012 [2]Crane Center of Early Childhood Research and Policy,Ohio State University,Columbus,43202,USA

出　　处：《心理学报》2017年第8期1053-1062,共10页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金青年项目(LQ13C090003);浙江省哲学社会科学基金项目(14NDJC221YB);浙江省教育厅一般科研项目(Y201534265)资助

摘　　要：研究以混合物分类为实验任务,探讨在面对口语和文字两种信息时,4~6岁中国幼儿的信任特点,在信任任务之后的即时和延时两个时间点上考察幼儿对所信任信息的运用,以及分析阅读水平对幼儿信息信任和运用的影响。研究结果表明:(1)4~6岁中国幼儿对不同类型信息都表现出高度信任,相较于口语信息,阅读水平高的幼儿表现出对文字信息的信任偏好;(2)幼儿在后续任务中较少运用所信任的信息,随着时间的推移,幼儿运用的口语信息持续减少,但文字信息的运用呈现先降后升的特点;(3)阅读水平在不同时间点上影响幼儿对所信任信息的运用,阅读水平低的幼儿在短时间内更多地运用口语信息,而阅读水平高的幼儿在更长时间里显著更多地使用文字信息。未来研究应进一步探究文字意识对幼儿文字信息信任和后续运用的作用。Children have many opportunities to learn from others through oral and printed sources. A few recent studies investigating children＇s trust in printed versus oral information suggested that as soon as children acquired the basic reading ability, they placed more trust in printed over oral testimony when learning names for unfamiliar objects. Previous studies have shown that a proportion of the information that early readers gained from printed sources might be fragile and lost once the printed label is no longer present, but those studies have not examined young children＇s subsequent use of the accepted oral or printed information. The current experiments examine whether Chinese young children from 4 to 6 years old trust the printed information more than oral information, to what extent the young children extend their new knowledge to subsequent circumstances, and the effects of reading ability on initial trust and subsequent use. In this study, 125 Chinese young children from 4 to 6 years of age were tested. Each child completed four tasks： the reading ability task, the hybrid sorting task, the short-term recognition task of hybrid pictures （3 minutes after the sorting task）, and the long-term recognition task （2 weeks later）. Children＇s reading ability was evaluated by a single-word recognition test involving words from the hybrid sorting task. For the hybrid sorting task, children were presented with pictures of hybrid creatures that looked more like one of two species, and had the opportunity to accept or reject an oral or printed label that referred to the perceptually non-dominant species. For the recognition tasks, children were asked to name the same set of hybrid creatures or sort them to the related locations. We analyzed the experimental data using hierarchical linear modeling （HLM） （score level and individual level） to investigate the contribution of information type, reading ability and age to children＇s initial trust of information, children＇s recognition of hybrid pict

关 键 词：信任 口语信息 文字信息 阅读水平 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]