中国古典美学的空间意识与当代空间美学视域  

The Space Consciousness of Chinese Ancient Aesthetics and the Horizon of Contemporary Space Aesthetics

作　　者：张娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院

出　　处：《云南社会科学》2017年第5期146-151,共6页Social Sciences in Yunnan

摘　　要：与西方古典美学相比,中国古典美学更多体现出一种空间性。这种空间性的形成与中国古代哲学的空间观念密不可分。古代哲学的"空间"是充满意蕴的空间,是大化流行的"道"的空间,且时间与空间并未割裂,具有时空连续一体化的特征,儒道佛都具有空间意识。中国古典美学的空间性特征在文论、诗论及画论中俯拾皆是,并形成了内涵丰富的空间性范畴,诸如象、意象、意境等。王国维、宗白华等美学家开始真正对古典美学进行空间阐释。王国维从传统诗论中提炼出"境界"范畴,以隔与不隔、出与入、有我之境与无我之境等进行空间式思维论述。宗白华则自觉反思古典美学的空间意识,通过中西方空间感的对比,阐述中国古典美学空间意识的构成、空间意识的节奏和空间意识的精神。从当代空间美学视域来看,古典美学的空间性呼应了空间转向,其直观、体验、想象及主体间性的美学思维特点,对人的生存的关注,都契合了如今的空间场所美学精神。Comparing with western ancient aesthetics,Chinese ancient aesthetics present profound character of spatiality based on Chinese ancient philosophy.The'space'in Chinese ancient philosophy is meaningful in sense of filling with the spirit of'Tao',connecting together with'time',featuring conbined space and time.Space consciousness can be found in the different schools of Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism.Besides,the spatiality of Chinese ancient aesthetics abundantly exists in ancient literary theory,poetic theory and painting theory,therefore a series of spatial concepts have been developed consequently such as'appearance','image'and'artistic conception'and so on.It was aestheticians such as Wang Guowei and Zong Baihua that first began to explain the spatiality of ancient aesthetics.Wang Guowei has extracted the concept of'realm'from the traditional poetic theory,and started his spatial discussion by three comparing groups as'Gap'and'Ungap','out'and'in','self state'and'selfless state'.Zong Baihua has reflected consciously the space consciousness of ancient aesthetics,as well as elaborated the constitution,rhythm and spirit of Chinese ancient aesthetics by comparing Chinese and Western sense of space.From the perspective of contemporary space aesthetics,the spatiality of ancient aesthetics has echoed'spatial turn'in some way.For instance,it focuses on intuition,experience,imagination and intersubjectivity and pays attention to the existence of human beings,fitting into the modern aesthetic spirit of space and place.

关 键 词：古典美学 空间性 意象 境界 空间美学 

分 类 号：I01[文学—文学理论]