电视对学前儿童执行功能发展的长时效应:一项实证研究  

Long Term Effects of Television on the Development of Preschool Children's Executive Functioning:An Empirical Study

作　　者：邢淑芬[1] 蒋莹 高鑫 丁碧蕾 杨玉冰 Xing Shufen Jiang Ying Gao Xin Ding Bilei Yang Yubing

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学心理学系

出　　处：《教育研究》2017年第8期109-119,共11页Educational Research

基　　金：国家社会科学一般项目"中国扩展家长和核心家庭与儿童执行功能与问题行为发展研究(项目编号:17BSH144)"的研究成果

摘　　要：以学前儿童为研究对象,采用母亲回溯性报告的方式考察了儿童的电视接触时长和内容特征,并进一步分析了它们与学前儿童执行功能发展的关系。对于本研究的被试样本来说有以下发现:开始看电视的年纪越小,儿童的认知灵活性越高;背景电视时间越长学前儿童的工作记忆越差,电视观看时间越长工作记忆越好(本研究儿童每天看电视的平均时间为0.98h);动画片的幻想性可以正向预测儿童的抑制控制和认知灵活性;在抑制控制上,动画片的节奏与幻想性存在交互作用,快节奏且高幻想的动画片能促进学前儿童抑制控制的发展。因此,从研究的儿童样本来看,适量的择善而看可以促进儿童执行功能的发展。Taking preschool children as study object, 174 preschool children＇s TV contact duration and content characteristics were investigated by means of their mothers＂ retrospective reports to analyze the relationship between the preschool children＇s TV contact duration and content characteristics and their executive function development. The results are as the follows： first, the earlier children start watching television, the better they would perform in cognitive flexibility; second, Children who are exposed to more background TV get worse working memory, but more time in TV viewing make them better in working memory （the average TV viewing time is 0.98h per day in this study） ; third, the fantasy of the cartoons can positively predict children＇s inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility; fourth, in terms of inhibitory control, interactions between cartoon＇s pace and fantasy are significant. Fast-paced and fantastical cartoons can promote the development of inhibitory control among preschool children. Therefore, from the research samples, taking the right amount of good contents can promote the development of preschool children＇s executive function.

关 键 词：电视 学前儿童 执行功能 工作记忆 长时效应 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]