非平衡双语者Stroop效应的时间进程  

The Timing and Magnitude of Stroop Effect in Unbalanced Bilinguals

作　　者：麦春燕[1] 何先友[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学心理应用研究中心/心理学院,广州510631 [2]广东省心理健康与认知科学重点实验室,广州510631

出　　处：《心理科学》2017年第5期1040-1046,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：2015年教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(15JJD190005);华南师范大学心理学院研究生科研创新基金资助项目(hsxly2016026)的资助

摘　　要：运用Stroop任务的SOA范式,考察中-英双语者干扰和易化效应的时间进程及程度,比较双语者认知控制和词汇通达的差异。结果发现,在中文条件下,干扰效应的峰值发生在SOA为-200ms时,在英文条件下,最大的干扰效应发生在SOA为-300 ms时,由此可见,干扰效应时间出现了负转换。在英文条件下,-400ms SOA引发了最大的易化效应,而中文条件下最大的易化效应发生在-300ms SOA。该研究表明,双语者没有表现出认知优势,在Stroop任务中受到了词汇通达的影响。Researchers believe that learning a second language can promote the bilingual cognitive control skills, which may also reduce the ability of bilingual lexical access. But there is a contradiction in many previous studies as to whether or not a bilingual cognitive control advantage exists. In this study, we choose the SOA paradigm Stroop task to investigate the timing and magnitude of Stroop interference and facilitation in bilinguals to compare the differences between cognitive control abilities and lexical access. Our hypothesis is： if bilinguals don＇t have cognitive control advantages on larger values of SOA, the reaction time of interference effect will be longer in the second language. That is, there is a lexical access disadvantage as bilinguals＇ interference effect in their first language would have a longer reaction time compared to the second language. Sixty-one college students participated in the experiment, whose average age was 21.62 years old. Experiments used 3 （whether color word meaning is consistent with the color block＇s color or not： consistent, inconsistent, control） x5 （SOAs： -400ms, -300ms, -200ms, -lOOms, 0ms） two- factor within the design. We used E-prime software programming and SPSS16.0 analyzing data. Participants completed a Chinese and English language experiment. We used ＂ gl~ ~ ~ ＂ and ＂red green blue＂ as a word stimuli. Colored rectangles were red, green or blue. In negative SOAs, the word stimulus appeared on the screen alone first for either 400ms, 300ms, 200ms, or lOOms, followed by the colored rectangle. In the 0ms SOA, the word stimulus and the colored rectangle appeared simultaneously. Both stimuli remained on the screen until participants made a response, if no response was made in 2000ms, the stimuli disappeared and the next trial began. The results show that in L1 Chinese participants＇ peak interference effect in the Stroop task occurred at -200ms SOA, which is inconsistent with the result of-200ms SOA （Coderre,et.al.,2013） and it may be

关 键 词：STROOP 双语 词汇通达 认知控制 

分 类 号：B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学]