小麦平衡水分测定及实仓智能化降温通风试验  

Equilibrium Moisture Content(EMC) of Chinese Wheat and Lowering Grain Temperature with Mechanical Aeration Guided by EMC Theory

作　　者：李兴军[1] 吴子丹[1,2] 季振江 杨旭 赵永青 闫恩峰 吴晓明 

机构地区：[1]国家粮食局科学研究院,北京100037 [2]吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,长春130000 [3]清苑国家粮食储备库,清苑071100 [4]山东省军粮储备库,齐河251100 [5]天津市明伦电子技术有限公司,天津300384

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2017年第11期94-99,共6页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：粮食公益性行业科技专项(201313001-03-01)

摘　　要：本研究对14个小麦品种在5个温度(10、20、25、30、35℃)和RH 11.3%~96%范围内进行测定,并采用CAE方程进行拟合,决定系数(R2)>0.998,平均相对百分率误差(MRE)<2.951%。对于小麦解吸和吸附等温线,CAE方程拟合的5个参数中B1和B2差异显著,不同类型小麦之间对应的CAE方程系数是相似的。不同类型的小麦品种收获后可以同时处理,但其吸附和解吸行为应当分别对待。智能化粮情检测、通风窗口控制、小麦CAE平衡水分方程组成控制系统指定仓库通风。在计算机显示系统,通风窗口由小麦吸附平衡绝对湿度曲线、饱和绝对湿度曲线、通风上限温度(通风开始时为粮堆温度减去8℃,通风进行时为粮堆温度减去4℃)线组成窗口,当大气状态点位于这个窗口内,轴流小风机被启动运转,粮堆降温通风开始。当大气状态点位于这个窗口外,轴流小风机被停止,粮堆降温通风结束。在2015年12月16日—28日,这个系统用于河北清苑国家粮食储备库14号房式仓(小麦5 900 t,含水量11.5%),下行吸出式通风降温7.4℃,3台1.5 k W轴流风机运转累计用电800 k W,单位能耗0.018 k Wh t-1℃-1,节省电能55%。14号整仓裂纹破碎率均值为(3.66±0.22)%,显著低于使用4台5.5 k W离心风机的10号仓(4.30±0.28)%。2016年12月27日—2017年1月16日在山东齐河军粮库7号房式仓(小麦3089 t,含水量12.5%),采用2台0.85 k W轴流风机上行吸出式通风,平均粮温下降9.2℃,风机运转265.5 h,用电451.4 k Wh,单位能耗0.015 9 k Wh t-1℃-1,节省电能60%。In this study, 14 wheat varieties selected were measured under five different temperatures： 10, 20, 25, 30,35℃ and the range of RH of 11.3% -96% and equilibrium relative humidity （ERH） model called CAE was used to fit, with determination coefficient （ R2 ） 〉 0. 998 and mean relative percentage error （MRE） 〈 2.951%. Among 5 parameters in the CAE model for wheat desorption and adsorption isotherms, where B1 and B2 showed appreciable difference, with a similar in coefficients in equations of different wheat varieties taken into consideration. It was concluded that the wheat grains from different classes could be contemporaneously dealt with after harvest, but their desorption and adsorptive behaviors should be differentiated from. An intellectualized grain bulk detection, aeration window controlling, and CAE equilibrium moisture equation of wheat grains were used to instruct aeration. An aeration window was constructed by the curves of wheat adsorptive equilibrium absolute humidity, the saturate absolute humidity and upper limited ventilation temperature （grain bulk temperature minus temperature 8 ℃, at the beginning of ventilation and during the ventilation, grain bulk temperature minus 4 ℃ ）. When the air status point lied within the aeration window, axial flow ventilator was turn on to circumvolve and decrease the grain temperature. When the air status point lied outside the aeration window, axial flow ventilator was turn off. During December 16th to 28th, 2015, this system was used to a No. 14 wheat depot of 5 900 t in Qingyuan, Hebei, China and decreased grain temperature of 7.4℃ within the accumulated 800 kW of power consumption with three 1.5 kW- power axial flow fans. The unit energy consumption was 0.018 kWh t-1℃ -1, which is much lower 55% than that （0. 040 kW h t-1℃-1） of general temperature- decreasing aeration with the manual controlling ground cage ventilation. The percent of cracked and broken grains in the whole depot was （3.66 percent, significant- ly lower th

关 键 词：小麦 平衡水分 CAE方程 吸附滞后 智能机械通风 

分 类 号：S379.3[农业科学—农产品加工]